Editing Venus (section)

=== Crewed mission concepts ===
Venus has been considered since the 1960s as a waypoint for [[crewed missions to Mars]] through [[Opposition (astronomy)|opposition]] missions instead of direct [[Conjunction (astronomy)|conjunction]] missions with Venus [[gravity assist]] [[flyby (spaceflight)|flybys]], demonstrating that they should be quicker and safer missions to [[Mars]], with better return or abort flight windows, and less or the same amount of radiation exposure from the flight as direct Mars flights.<ref name="Rao 2020">{{cite web | last=Rao | first=Rahul | title=Astronauts bound for Mars should swing by Venus first, scientists say | website=Space.com | date=7 July 2020 | url=https://www.space.com/mars-astronauts-venus-flyby-idea.html | access-date=24 April 2023 | archive-date=24 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424055519/https://www.space.com/mars-astronauts-venus-flyby-idea.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Izenberg McNutt Runyon Byrne 2021 pp. 100–104">{{cite journal | last1=Izenberg | first1=Noam R. | last2=McNutt | first2=Ralph L. | last3=Runyon | first3=Kirby D. | last4=Byrne | first4=Paul K. | last5=MacDonald | first5=Alexander | title=Venus Exploration in the New Human Spaceflight Age | journal=Acta Astronautica | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=180 | year=2021 | issn=0094-5765 | doi=10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.12.020 | pages=100–104| bibcode=2021AcAau.180..100I | s2cid=219558707 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

==== Possible atmospheric habitation ====
{{See also|Floating cities and islands in fiction#Venus|Colonization of Venus}}
[[File:NASA Cloud City on Venus.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Artist's rendering of a NASA [[HAVOC|High Altitude Venus Operational Concept (HAVOC)]] crewed floating outpost on Venus]]

While the surface conditions of Venus are extremely hostile, the atmospheric pressure, temperature, and solar and cosmic radiation 50&nbsp;km above the surface are similar to those at Earth's surface ("clement conditions").<ref name="f997">{{cite journal | last1=Arredondo | first1=Anicia | last2=Hodges | first2=Amorée | last3=Abrahams | first3=Jacob N. H. | last4=Bedford | first4=Candice C. | last5=Boatwright | first5=Benjamin D. | last6=Buz | first6=Jennifer | last7=Cantrall | first7=Clayton | last8=Clark | first8=Joanna | last9=Erwin | first9=Andrew | last10=Krishnamoorthy | first10=Siddharth | last11=Magaña | first11=Lizeth | last12=McCabe | first12=Ryan M. | last13=McIntosh | first13=E. Carrie | last14=Noviello | first14=Jessica L. | last15=Pellegrino | first15=Marielle | last16=Ray | first16=Christine | last17=Styczinski | first17=Marshall J. | last18=Weigel | first18=Peter | title=VALENTInE: A Concept for a New Frontiers–Class Long-duration In Situ Balloon-based Aerobot Mission to Venus | journal=The Planetary Science Journal | volume=3 | issue=7 | date=2022-07-01 | issn=2632-3338 | doi=10.3847/PSJ/ac7324 | doi-access=free | page=152| bibcode=2022PSJ.....3..152A }}</ref><ref name="Herbst Banjac Atri Nordheim 2019 p=A15"/><ref name="Patel Mason Nordheim Dartnell 2022 p=114796"/><ref name="Taylor 2020"/> Among the many engineering challenges for any human presence in the atmosphere of Venus are the corrosive amounts of [[sulfuric acid]] in the atmosphere.<ref name="Landis2003"/> [[Aerostat]]s for crewed exploration and possibly for permanent "[[Floating cities and islands in fiction#Venus|floating cities]]" in the Venusian atmosphere have been proposed as an alternative to the popular idea of living on [[planetary surface]]s such as [[Mars]].<ref name="Landis2003" /><ref name="Архив фантастики"/><ref name="Inner Solar System 2015"/><ref name="Tickle 2015"/><ref name=Warmflash_2017/>  NASA's [[High Altitude Venus Operational Concept]] was a training concept to study a crewed aerostat design.