Editing Venezuela (section)

=== Foreign relations ===
{{Main|Foreign relations of Venezuela}}
[[File:Guayana_Esequiba_(zona_completa).png|thumb|The [[Guyana–Venezuela territorial dispute|disputed "Guayana Esequiba" claim area]] is a territory administered by [[Guyana]] and historically claimed by Venezuela.]]

Throughout most of the 20th century, Venezuela maintained friendly relations with most Latin American and Western nations. Relations between Venezuela and the United States government worsened in 2002, after the 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt during which the U.S. government recognized the short-lived interim presidency of [[Pedro Carmona]]. In 2015, Venezuela was declared a national security threat by U.S. president [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-venezuela-idUSKBN0M51NS20150309|title=U.S. declares Venezuela a national security threat, sanctions top officials|work=Reuters|access-date=26 April 2015|date=9 March 2015|archive-date=15 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415154549/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/09/us-usa-venezuela-idUSKBN0M51NS20150309|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=2377482&CategoryId=10717|title=Latin American Herald Tribune – US Announces New Executive Order Sanctions on Venezuela – Declares "National Emergency"|access-date=26 April 2015|archive-date=25 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325144202/http://laht.com/article.asp?CategoryId=10717&ArticleId=2377482|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/article13087994.html|title=Amid deteriorating relations, Washington turns screws on Venezuela|website=miamiherald|access-date=26 April 2015|archive-date=6 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406211611/http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/article13087994.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Correspondingly, ties to various Latin American and [[Middle East]]ern countries not allied to the U.S. have strengthened.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

Venezuela seeks alternative [[Western Hemisphere|hemispheric]] integration via such proposals as the [[Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas]] trade proposal and the newly launched Latin American television network [[teleSUR]]. Venezuela is one of five nations in the world—along with Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, and Syria—to have recognized the independence of [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|Abkhazia and South Ossetia]]. Venezuela was a proponent of [[Organization of American States|OAS]]'s decision to adopt its Anti-Corruption Convention<ref>{{cite book|title=Political Risk Yearbook: South America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ascdAQAAMAAJ&q=%22championed%20the%20OAS%20decision%22|year=1999|publisher=Frost & Sullivan|page=34|isbn = 978-1-931077-59-0|quote=Venezuela worked closely with its neighbors following the 1997 Summit of the Americas in many areas—particularly energy integration—and championed the OAS decision to adopt an Anti-Corruption Convention.}}</ref> and is actively working in the [[Mercosur]] trade bloc to push increased trade and energy integration. Globally, it seeks a "[[polarity in international relations|multi-polar]]" world based on strengthened ties among undeveloped countries.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

[[File:XIV cumbre del ALBA-TCP.jpg|thumb|left|President Maduro among other Latin American leaders participating in a 2017 [[ALBA]] gathering]]

On 26 April 2017, Venezuela announced its intention to withdraw from the OAS.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-39726605|title=Venezuela to withdraw from OAS as deadly protests continue|date=2 April 2017|work=BBC News|access-date=27 April 2017|archive-date=27 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427020244/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-39726605|url-status=live}}</ref> Venezuelan Foreign Minister [[Delcy Rodríguez]] said that President [[Nicolás Maduro]] plans to publicly renounce Venezuela's membership on 27 April 2017. It will take two years for the country to formally leave. During this period, the country does not plan on participating in the OAS.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/venezuela-protesters-hit-by-tear-gas-vow-to-keep-pressure-on-government/2017/04/26/c6fbdcaa-29ee-11e7-9081-f5405f56d3e4_story.html|title=Venezuela says it will quit Organization of American States|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=27 April 2017|archive-date=27 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427010200/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/venezuela-protesters-hit-by-tear-gas-vow-to-keep-pressure-on-government/2017/04/26/c6fbdcaa-29ee-11e7-9081-f5405f56d3e4_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Venezuela is involved in a long-standing disagreement about the control of the [[Guayana Esequiba]] area.

Venezuela may suffer a deterioration of its power in international affairs if the global [[energy transition|transition to renewable energy]] is completed. It is ranked 151 out of 156 countries in the index of Geopolitical Gains and Losses after energy transition (GeGaLo).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Overland|first1=Indra|last2=Bazilian|first2=Morgan|last3=Ilimbek Uulu|first3=Talgat|last4=Vakulchuk|first4=Roman |last5=Westphal|first5=Kirsten|date=2019|title=The GeGaLo index: Geopolitical gains and losses after energy transition|journal=Energy Strategy Reviews|volume=26|pages=100406|doi=10.1016/j.esr.2019.100406|doi-access=free|bibcode=2019EneSR..2600406O |hdl=11250/2634876|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

Venezuela is a charter member of the [[United Nations]] (UN), [[Organization of American States]] (OAS), [[Union of South American Nations]] (UNASUR), [[ALBA|Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America]] (ALBA), [[Mercosur]], [[Latin American Integration Association]] (LAIA) and [[Organization of Ibero-American States]] (OEI).