Editing Vandals (section)

==Latin literacy==
All Vandals that modern historians know about were able to speak [[Latin]], which also remained the official language of the Vandal administration (most of the staff seem to have been native Berber or Roman).<ref>{{harvnb|Wickham|2009|p=77}}</ref> Levels of literacy in the ancient world are uncertain, but writing was integral to administration and business. Studies of literacy in North Africa have tended to centre around the administration, which was limited to the social elite. However, the majority of the population of North Africa did not live in urban centres.<ref>{{harvnb|Conant|2004|pp=199–200}}</ref>

Judith George explains that "Analysis of the [Vandal] poems in their context holds up a mirror to the ways and values of the times".<ref>{{harvnb|George|2004|p=138}}</ref> Very little work of the poets of Vandal North Africa survives, but what does is found in the ''[[Latin Anthology]]''; apart from their names, little is known about the poets themselves, not even when they were writing. Their work drew on earlier Roman traditions. Modern scholars generally hold the view that the Vandals allowed the Romans in North Africa to carry on with their way of life with only occasional interference.<ref>{{harvnb|George|2004|pp=138–139}}</ref>