Editing Typhoid fever (section)

===Cause===
Polish scientist [[Tadeusz Browicz]] described a short bacillus in the organs and feces of typhoid victims in 1874.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Stachura J, Gałazka K | title = History and current status of Polish gastroenterological pathology | journal = Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology | volume = 54 | pages = 183–92 | date = December 2003 | issue = Suppl 3 | pmid = 15075472 | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15075472 }}</ref> Browicz was able to isolate and grow the bacilli but did not go as far as to insinuate or prove that they caused the disease.<ref name=":1" />

In April 1880, three months before Eberth's publication, [[Edwin Klebs]] described short and [[Filamentation|filamentous]] bacilli in the [[Peyer's patch]]es in typhoid victims.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1918-09-07|title=Typhoid Fever Considered as a Problem of Scientific Medicine.|url=|journal=JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=71|issue=10|pages=847|doi=10.1001/jama.1918.02600360063023|hdl=2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t9d516735|issn=0098-7484|hdl-access=free}}</ref> The bacterium's role in disease was speculated but not confirmed.<ref name=":1" />

In 1880, [[Karl Joseph Eberth]] described a bacillus that he suspected was the cause of typhoid.<ref>
{{cite journal | vauthors = Eberth CJ | date = 1880 | url = http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044093330488;view=1up;seq=74 | title = Die Organismen in den Organen bei Typhus abdominalis | trans-title = Organisms in the [internal] organs in cases of Typhus abdominalis | language = de | journal = Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie | volume = 81 | pages = 58–74 }}</ref><ref>
{{cite journal | vauthors = Eberth CJ | date = 1881 | url = http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044103035598;view=1up;seq=512  | title = Neue Untersuchungen über den Bacillus des Abdominaltyphus | trans-title = New investigations into the bacilli of abdominal typhoid | language = de | journal = Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie | volume = 83 | pages = 486–501 }}</ref><ref>
Eberth's findings were verified by [[Robert Koch]] {{cite journal | vauthors = Koch R | date = 1881 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lD1AAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1 | title = Zur Untersuchung von pathogenen Organismen | language = de | trans-title = On the investigation of pathogenic organisms | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170423081253/https://books.google.com/books?id=lD1AAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA45 | archive-date=2017-04-23 | journal = Mitteilungen aus dem Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamte | volume = 1 | pages = 1–49 }}</ref>  Eberth is given credit for discovering the bacterium definitively by successfully isolating the same bacterium from 18 of 40 typhoid victims and failing to discover the bacterium present in any "control" victims of other diseases.<ref name=":1" /> In 1884, pathologist [[Georg Theodor August Gaffky]] (1850–1918) confirmed Eberth's findings.<ref>{{cite journal  | vauthors = Gaffky G | title = Zur aetiologie des abdominaltyphus. | trans-title = On the etiology of abdominal typhus | journal = Mitteillungen aus dem Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamt | language = de | date = 1884 | volume = 2 | pages = 372–420 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Y6lQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA372 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170423042158/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y6lQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA372 | archive-date=2017-04-23 }}</ref> Gaffky isolated the same bacterium as Eberth from the spleen of a typhoid victim, and was able to grow the bacterium on solid media.<ref name=":1" /> The organism was given names such as Eberth's bacillus, ''Eberthella'' Typhi, and Gaffky-Eberth bacillus.<ref name=":1" /> Today, the bacillus that causes typhoid fever goes by the scientific name ''[[Salmonella enterica]]'' serovar Typhi.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Atlas of Human Infectious Diseases|date=2012|publisher=John Wiley & Sons| vauthors = Wertheim HF, Horby P, Woodall JP |isbn=978-1-4443-5467-6 |edition = 1st |location=New York, NY|oclc=897547171}}</ref>