Editing Tutankhamun (section)

==Legacy==
[[File:LIFEMagazine19Apr1923.jpg|right|upright|thumb|The "Egyptian Number" of ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'', 19 April 1923]]
Tutankhamun's fame is primarily the result of his well-preserved tomb and the global exhibitions of his associated artifacts. As [[Jon Manchip White]] writes, in his foreword to the 1977 edition of Carter's ''The Discovery of the Tomb of Tutankhamun'', "The pharaoh who in life was one of the least esteemed of Egypt's Pharaohs has become in death the most renowned".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carter |first1=Howard |last2=Mace |first2=A.C. |title=The Discovery of the Tomb of Tutankhamen |publisher=Dover Publications |isbn=0486235009 |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftombo00cart |year=1977 }}</ref>

The discoveries in the tomb were prominent news in the 1920s. Tutankhamen came to be called by a modern [[neologism]], "King Tut". Ancient Egyptian references became common in popular culture, including [[Tin Pan Alley]] songs; the most popular of the latter was "Old King Tut" by [[Harry Von Tilzer]] from 1923,<ref name="Coniam">{{cite book |last1=Coniam |first1=Matthew |title=Egyptomania Goes to the Movies: From Archaeology to Popular Craze to Hollywood Fantasy |date=2017 |publisher=[[McFarland & Company]] |pages=42–44 |isbn=9781476668284 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zsYtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA42 |access-date=July 18, 2022 |quote=...on May 19, [1923] when Motion Picture News reported that to further assist its exhibitors Fox had arranged with Harry Von Tilzer for a special and complete orchestration titled "Old King Tut" ... Sophie Tucker performed it in The Pepper Box Revue and recorded it for Okeh Records both with sufficient success that she took out an ad in Variety ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Paul |first1=Gill |title=1920s "Tutmania" and its Enduring Echoes {{!}} History News Network |url=https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/180748 |website=historynewsnetwork.org |date=18 July 2021 |publisher=[[History News Network]] |access-date=17 July 2022 |quote=Tutmania seeped into popular culture with the 1923 song "Old King Tut", a stage magician who called himself "Carter the Great", and the iconic 1932 horror film ''The Mummy'', written by a journalist who had covered the discovery of the tomb. President Herbert Hoover even called his pet dog King Tut!}}</ref> which was recorded by such prominent artists of the time as [[The Happiness Boys|Jones & Hare]]<ref>{{cite book |author=Edward Chaney  | chapter='Mummy First, Statue After': Wyndham Lewis, Diffusionism, Mosaic Distinctions and the Egyptian Origins of Art |editor1-last=Dobson |editor1-first=Eleanor |editor2-last=Tonks |editor2-first=Nichola |title=Ancient Egypt in the Modern Imagination: Art, Literature and Culture |date=2020 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |page=72 | isbn=9781786736703 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3iW-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA72 |quote=Tutankhamun's popularity was such that a hit song ... was launched by Billy Jones and Ernie Hare under the title 'Old King Tut Was a (Wise Old Nut)'.}}</ref> and [[Sophie Tucker]].<ref name="Coniam"/> "King Tut" became the name of products, businesses, and the [[United States presidential pets#List of presidential pets|pet dog]] of U.S. President [[Herbert Hoover]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The First Family's Pets |url=https://hoover.archives.gov/hoovers/first-familys-pets |website=hoover.archives.gov |publisher=The Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum |access-date=12 July 2019|date=8 May 2017 }}</ref> While [[The Treasures of Tutankhamun]] exhibit was touring the United States in 1978, comedian [[Steve Martin]] wrote a novelty song "[[King Tut (song)|King Tut]]". Originally performed on ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'', the song was released as a single and sold over a million copies.<ref>{{cite magazine | title= Sensational Steve Martin | url= http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,965275-2,00.html | date= 24 August 1987 | magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | access-date= 2010-09-19 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101221183441/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,965275-2,00.html | archive-date= December 21, 2010 | url-status= dead }}</ref> In 2023, an extinct whale discovered in the [[Eocene]] deposits of Egypt was named ''[[Tutcetus]]'', after Tutankhamun, due to the small size and immature age of the type specimen.<ref name=A23>{{Cite journal|last1=Antar|first1=M.S.|last2=Glaohar|first2=A.S.|last3=El-Desouky|first3=H.|last4=Seiffert|first4=E.R.|last5=El-Sayed|first5=S.|last6=Claxton|first6=A.G.|last7=Sallam| first7=H.M.|year=2023|title=A diminutive new basilosaurid whale reveals the trajectory of the cetacean life histories during the Eocene.|journal=Commun Biol |volume=6 |issue= 707|page=707 |language=en |doi=10.1038/s42003-023-04986-w|pmid=37563270 |pmc=10415296 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

===International exhibitions===
{{further|Exhibitions of artifacts from the tomb of Tutankhamun}}
[[File:M. H. de Young Memorial Museum.jpg|left|thumb|San Francisco's M. H. de Young Memorial Museum hosted an exhibition of Tutankhamun artifacts in 2009<ref>{{cite book|title=Travel and Tourism Market Research Yearbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gEosAQAAMAAJ|year=2008|page= 200|publisher=Richard K. Miller Associates|isbn = 9781577831365}}</ref>]]
Tutankhamun's artifacts have traveled the world with unprecedented visitorship.<ref name="Hughes2019" /> The exhibitions began in 1962 when [[Algeria]] won its [[Independence Day (Algeria)|independence]] from [[France]]. With the ending of that conflict, the [[Louvre Museum]] in Paris was quickly able to arrange an exhibition of Tutankhamun's treasures through [[Christiane Desroches Noblecourt]]. The French Egyptologist was already in Egypt as part of a [[UNESCO]] appointment. The French exhibit drew 1.2 million visitors. Noblecourt had also convinced the Egyptian Minister of Culture to allow British photographer [[George Rainbird]] to re-photograph the collection in color. The new color photos as well as the Louvre exhibition began a Tutankhamun revival.<ref name="Carruthers2014">{{cite book|author=William Carruthers|title=Histories of Egyptology: Interdisciplinary Measures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9doABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA168|date=11 July 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-01457-5|page=168}}</ref>[[File:Pectoral of Tutankhamun by M. Strasser.jpg|thumb|185x185px|Pectoral of Tutankhamun]]In 1965, the Tutankhamun exhibit traveled to [[Tokyo National Museum]] in [[Tokyo, Japan]] (21 August–10 October)<ref name="tobunken">{{cite web |url=https://www.tobunken.go.jp/materials/nenshi/4826.html |title=ツタンカーメン展 |date=11 December 2021 |publisher=Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties |language=ja |access-date=11 June 2022}}</ref> where it garnered more visitors than the future New York exhibit in 1979. The exhibit next moved to the [[Kyoto Municipal Museum of Art]] in Kyoto (15 October–28 November)<ref name="tobunken" /> with almost 1.75 million visitors, and then to the [[Fukuoka Prefectural Museum of Art|Fukuoka Prefectural Cultural Hall]] in Fukuoka (3 December–26 December).<ref name="tobunken" /> The {{linktext|blockbuster}} attraction exceeded all other exhibitions of Tutankhamun's treasures for the next 60 years.<ref name="Hughes2019" /><ref name="Havens2014">{{cite book|author=Thomas R.H. Havens|title=Artist and Patron in Postwar Japan: Dance, Music, Theater, and the Visual Arts, 1955–1980|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U8b_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA134|date=14 July 2014|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-5539-1|page=134}}</ref> ''[[The Treasures of Tutankhamun]]'' tour ran from 1972 to 1979. This exhibition was first shown in London at the [[British Museum]] from 30 March until 30 September 1972. More than 1.6&nbsp;million visitors saw the exhibition.<ref name="Hughes2019">{{cite book|author=Sarah Anne Hughes|title=Museum and Gallery Publishing: From Theory to Case Study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l0ueDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT36|date=20 June 2019|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-09309-1|page=36}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Record visitor figures |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/news_and_press/press_releases/2014/record_visitor_figures.aspx |website=British Museum |access-date=9 December 2018}}</ref> The exhibition moved on to many other countries, including the United States, Soviet Union, Japan, France, Canada, and West Germany. [[The Metropolitan Museum of Art]] organized the U.S. exhibition, which ran from 17 November 1976 through 15 April 1979. More than eight million attended.<ref name="Russell2013">{{cite book|author=Mona L. Russell|title=Egypt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-1535Zgqe7YC&pg=PA260|year=2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-233-3|page=260}}</ref>{{sfn|Riggs|2018|p=216}}  The  showing in the United States was part of a diplomatic effort begun by [[Henry Kissinger]] to further convince Americans of the value of Egypt as an ally.  It traveled first to Washington D.C., then Chicago, New Orleans, Los Angeles, and Seattle, and finished in New York.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Hindley |first=Meredith |date=September 2015 |title=King Tut: A Classic Blockbuster Museum Exhibition That Began as a Diplomatic Gesture |url=https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2015/septemberoctober/feature/king-tut-classic-blockbuster-museum-exhibition-began-diplom |magazine=Humanities |language=en |volume=36 |issue=5 |access-date=2023-09-22}}</ref>
[[File:Amulets and Bracelets of Tutankhamun 2019.jpg|thumb|Amulets and Bracelets of Tutankhamun]]
[[File:Bracelet of Tutankhamun 2019a.jpg|thumb|Bracelet of Tutankhamun]]
In 2005, Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities, in partnership with Arts and Exhibitions International and the National Geographic Society, launched a tour of Tutankhamun treasures and other 18th Dynasty funerary objects, this time called ''[[Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaohs]]''. It featured the same exhibits as ''Tutankhamen: The Golden Hereafter'' in a slightly different format. It was expected to draw more than three million people but exceeded that with almost four million people attending just the first four tour stops.<ref name="CartledgeGreenland2010">{{cite book|author1=Paul Cartledge|author2=Fiona Rose Greenland|title=Responses to Oliver Stone's Alexander: Film, History, and Cultural Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EOj9Ucpo5WYC&pg=PA330|date=20 January 2010|publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press|isbn=978-0-299-23283-2|page=330}}</ref> The exhibition started in Los Angeles, then moved to [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida|Fort Lauderdale]], Chicago, [[Philadelphia]] and London before finally returning to Egypt in August 2008. An encore of the exhibition in the United States ran at the [[Dallas Museum of Art]].{{sfn|Fritze|2016|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=vkSkDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA242 242]}} After Dallas the exhibition moved to the [[de Young Museum]] in San Francisco, followed by the [[Discovery Times Square Exposition]] in New York City.{{sfn|Nici|2015|page=31}}
[[File:Tutankhamun Los Angeles 2018.jpg|thumb|right|Tutankhamun exhibition in 2018]]
[[File:Solar Barque Beetle Pectoral of Tutankhamun 2019.jpg|thumb|right|A solar barque scarab beetle pectoral from Tutankhamun's tomb]]
[[File:Bracelet of Tutankhamun 2019.jpg|thumb|right|A gem stone bracelet found on Tutankhamun body]]
The exhibition visited Australia for the first time, opening at the Melbourne Museum for its only Australian stop before Egypt's treasures returned to Cairo in December 2011.<ref>{{cite book |title=Proceedings of the 1st International Conference in Safety and Crisis Management in the Construction, Tourism and SME Sectors|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1xC9RCn7WYC&pg=PA254 |publisher=Universal-Publishers|isbn=978-1-61233-557-5|page=254}}</ref>

The exhibition included 80 exhibits from the reigns of Tutankhamun's immediate predecessors in the 18th Dynasty, such as [[Hatshepsut]], whose trade policies greatly increased the wealth of that dynasty and enabled the lavish wealth of Tutankhamun's burial artifacts, as well as 50 from Tutankhamun's tomb. The exhibition did not include the gold mask that was a feature of the 1972–1979 tour, as the Egyptian government has decided that damage which occurred to previous artifacts on tours precludes this one from joining them.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.com/comment/register/article/ct-scan-may-solve-tutankhamun-death-riddle-9q5zsm2nbth |title=CT scan may solve Tutankhamun death riddle |author=Jenny Booth |newspaper=The Times |publisher=  Times Newspapers Limited|date=6 January 2005 |location=London}}</ref>

In 2018, it was announced that the largest collection of Tutankhamun artifacts, amounting to forty percent of the entire collection, would be leaving Egypt again in 2019 for an international tour entitled; "King Tut: Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh".<ref name="urlTutankhamun exhibition to be hosted in Sydney in 2021 - Egypt Today">{{cite web |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/52050/Tutankhamun-exhibition-to-be-hosted-in-Sydney-in-2021 |title=Tutankhamun exhibition to be hosted in Sydney in 2021 – Egypt Today |date=16 June 2018|work=Egypt Today|access-date=30 August 2019}}</ref> The 2019–2022 tour began with an exhibit called; "Tutankhamun, Pharaoh's Treasures," which launched in Los Angeles and then traveled to Paris. The exhibit featured at the [[Grande Halle de la Villette]] in Paris ran from March to September 2019. The exhibit featured one hundred and fifty gold coins, along with various pieces of jewelry, sculpture and carvings, as well as the gold mask of Tutankhamun. Promotion of the exhibit filled the streets of Paris with posters of the event. The exhibit moved to London in November 2019 and was scheduled to travel to Boston and Sydney when the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] interrupted the tour. On 28 August 2020 the artifacts that made up the temporary exhibition returned to the [[Egyptian Museum]], Cairo, and other institutions.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dowson |first1=Thomas |title=Tutankhamun: Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh 2019 – 2023 |url=https://archaeology-travel.com/exhibitions/tutankhamun-treasures-of-the-golden-pharaoh/ |website=Archaeology Travel |date=22 February 2019 |access-date=31 July 2021}}</ref> The treasures will be permanently housed in the new [[Grand Egyptian Museum]] in Cairo, expected to open between October 2023 and February 2024.<ref name="urlKing Tutankhamun exhibition in Paris sells 130,000 tickets - Egypt Independent">{{cite web |url=https://ww.egyptindependent.com/king-tutankhamun-exhibition-in-paris-sells-130000-tickets/ |title=King Tutankhamun exhibition in Paris sells 130,000 tickets – Egypt Independent |author= Mira Maged|date= 20 March 2019 |website=  Al-Masry Al-Youm|access-date=30 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Blockbuster King Tut Exhibitions and their Fascinating History |url=https://www.artandobject.com/news/blockbuster-king-tut-exhibitions-and-their-fascinating-history |access-date=2022-07-03 |website=Art & Object |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2023 |title=Grand Egyptian Museum to open between October and February: Minister |url=https://www.egyptindependent.com/grand-egyptian-museum-to-open-between-october-and-february-minister/ |access-date=7 July 2023 |website=Egypt Independent |language=en-US}}</ref>