Editing Turner syndrome (section)

== History ==
The syndrome is named after [[Henry Turner (endocrinologist)|Henry Turner]], an American [[endocrinologist]], who described it in 1938.<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1177/2045894020908782 | title=Transcriptional profiling of lung cell populations in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension | date=2020 | last1=Saygin | first1=Didem | last2=Tabib | first2=Tracy | last3=Bittar | first3=Humberto E.T. | last4=Valenzi | first4=Eleanor | last5=Sembrat | first5=John | last6=Chan | first6=Stephen Y. | last7=Rojas | first7=Mauricio | last8=Lafyatis | first8=Robert | journal=Pulmonary Circulation | volume=10 | pages=1–15 | pmid=32166015 | pmc=7052475 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=September 1987 |title=1 Development of cancer cytogenetics: A historical overview |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-4608(87)90280-9 |journal=Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=28 |doi=10.1016/0165-4608(87)90280-9 |issn=0165-4608}}</ref> In Europe, it is often called ''Ullrich–Turner syndrome'' and was sometimes called ''Bonnevie–Ullrich syndrome'' although the latter term is rarely used today.<ref>Laud, R. Cadogan, M. (2020, November 3). ''"Bonnevie-Ullrich syndrome" section. Otto Ullrich.'' Life in the Fast Lane. https://litfl.com/otto-ullrich/</ref> Both syndrome names acknowledge(d) that earlier cases had also been described 1930 by European doctors [[Kristine Bonnevie]] and [[Otto Ullrich]]. In Russian and Soviet literature, it is called ''Shereshevsky–Turner syndrome'' to acknowledge that the condition was first described as hereditary in 1925 by the Soviet endocrinologist {{ill|Nikolai Shereshevsky|ru|Шерешевский, Николай Адольфович|lt=|WD=}}, who believed that it was due to the underdevelopment of the gonads and the [[Anterior pituitary|anterior pituitary gland]] and was combined with congenital malformations of internal development.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nikolai Adolfovich Shereshevsky |url=http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/553.html |website=www.whonamedit.com |access-date=3 November 2019}}</ref>

The first published report of a female with a 45,X [[karyotype]] was in 1959 by Charles Ford and colleagues in [[Harwell, Oxfordshire|Harwell]] near [[Oxford]], and [[Guy's Hospital]] in London.<ref name="ford 1959">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ford CE, Jones KW, Polani PE, De Almeida JC, Briggs JH | title = A sex-chromosome anomaly in a case of gonadal dysgenesis (Turner's syndrome) | journal = Lancet | volume = 273 | issue = 7075 | pages = 711–713 | date = April 1959 | pmid = 13642858 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(59)91893-8 }}</ref> It was found in a 14-year-old girl with signs of Turner syndrome.<ref name="ford 1959"/>