Editing Tunisia (section)

=== Ethnic groups ===
According to the [[CIA]] [[The World Factbook|World Factbook]], [[ethnic groups]] in Tunisia are: Arab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%.<ref name=CIA/>

According to the 1956 Tunisian census, Tunisia had a population at the time of 3,783,000 residents, 95% consisting of [[Arabs]] and [[Berbers]], 256,000 Europeans and 105,000 Jews. Speakers of [[Berber languages|Berber dialects]] were 2% of the population.<ref>{{cite book|title=Owen's Commerce & Travel and International Register|date=1964|publisher=Owen's Commerce & Travel Limited|page=273|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EkYjAQAAMAAJ|access-date=7 January 2018}}</ref> According to another source, the population of Arabs is estimated to be 98%,<ref name=CIA/><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=19414164 |year=2009 |last1=Turchi |first1=C. |last2=Buscemi |first2=L |last3=Giacchino |first3=E. |last4=Onofri |first4=V. |last5=Fendt |first5=L |last6=Parson |first6=W. |last7=Tagliabracci |first7=A. |title=Polymorphisms of mtDNA control region in Tunisian and Moroccan populations: An enrichment of forensic mtDNA databases with Northern Africa data|volume=3|issue=3|pages=166–172|doi=10.1016/j.fsigen.2009.01.014 |journal=Forensic Science International: Genetics}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lapresse.tn/24032011/593/le-tunisien-une-dimension-mediterraneenne-quatteste-la-genetique.html |title=Le Tunisien: une dimension méditerranéenne qu'atteste la génétique |publisher=Lapresse.tn |language=fr |date=28 January 2010 |last=Bouhadib |first=M. A. |access-date=19 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722114506/http://www.lapresse.tn/24032011/593/le-tunisien-une-dimension-mediterraneenne-quatteste-la-genetique.html |archive-date=22 July 2012 }}</ref> and that of Berbers at 1%.<ref name="Popber1p">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3509799.stm |title=Q&A: The Berbers |work=BBC News |date=12 March 2004 |access-date=19 January 2013}}</ref>

Black Tunisians make up 10–15% of the population<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018|title=Tunisia 'needs a cultural revolution' to combat racism|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/15/tunisia-needs-a-cultural-revolution-to-combat-racism|website=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-07|title=What's in a name? How the legacy of slavery endures in Tunisia|url=http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/nov/07/whats-in-a-name-how-the-legacy-of-slavery-endures-in-tunisia|access-date=2021-10-29|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> and are mostly descended from [[sub-Saharan Africa]]ns brought to Tunisia as part of the [[Slavery in Tunisia|slave trade]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-10-19 |title=Tunisia court rules that 81-year-old can drop slave name |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tunisia-rights-race-trfn-idUSKBN2741GY |access-date=2021-10-29}}</ref>

Amazighs are generally concentrated in the [[Jebel Dahar|Dahar mountains]] and on the island of [[Djerba]] in the southeast, and in the [[Khroumire]] mountainous region in the north-west. An important number of genetic and other historical studies point to the predominance of the Amazighs in Tunisia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iwgia.org/en/tunesia/1016-indigenous-peoples-in-tunisia|title=Indigenous Peoples in Tunisia|website=www.iwgia.org|access-date=25 February 2019}}</ref>

An [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] influence has been particularly significant in forming the [[Turks in Tunisia|Turco-Tunisian]] community. Other peoples have also migrated to Tunisia during different time periods, including West Africans, [[Greeks]], [[Ancient Rome|Romans]], [[Vandals]], [[Phoenicians]] ([[Punic]]s), [[Jews]], and French and Italian settlers.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Tunisia/Land#toc46604|title=Tunisia – Land {{!}} history – geography|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=7 July 2017}}</ref> By 1870, the distinction between the Arabic-speaking population and the Turkish elite had blurred.<ref>{{citation|last=Green|first=Arnold H.|year=1978|title=The Tunisian Ulama 1873–1915: Social Structure and Response to Ideological Currents|publisher=Brill|page=69|isbn=978-90-04-05687-9}}</ref>

From the late 19th century to the period after World War II, Tunisia was home to large populations of [[French people|French]] and [[Italian Tunisians|Italians]] (255,000 [[European Tunisians|Europeans]] in 1956),<ref>{{cite book |first=Angus |last=Maddison |title=Contours of the World Economy 1–2030 AD: Essays in Macro-Economic History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EeWy7a6nAHcC&pg=PA214 |access-date=26 January 2013 |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-922721-1|page=214}}</ref> although nearly all of them, along with the Jewish population, left after Tunisia became independent. The [[history of the Jews in Tunisia]] goes back some 2,000 years. In 1948, the Jewish population was estimated at 105,000, but by 2013 only about 1000 remained.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/anti-semitism/tunisjews.html |title=The Jews of Tunisia |encyclopedia=Jewish Virtual Library |access-date=11 July 2014}}</ref>

The first people known to history in what is now Tunisia were the [[Berber people|Berber]]s. Numerous civilizations and peoples have invaded, migrated to, or have been assimilated into the population over the millennia, with influences of population from [[Phoenicians]]/[[Carthaginians]], [[Roman Republic|Roman]]s, [[Vandal]]s, [[Arabs]], [[Spaniard]]s, [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Turks]] and [[Janissaries]], and [[French people|French]]. There was a continuing inflow of nomadic [[Banu Hilal|Arab tribes]] from the [[Arabian Peninsula]].<ref name="stearns"/>

After the [[Reconquista]] and expulsion of non-Christians and [[Morisco]]s from Spain, many Spanish [[Muslims]] and Jews arrived in Tunisia. According to Matthew Carr, "As many as eighty thousand Moriscos settled in Tunisia, most of them in and around the capital, Tunis, which still contains a quarter known as Zuqaq al-Andalus, or Andalusia Alley."<ref>{{Cite book | last = Carr | first =  Matthew | title = Blood and faith: the purging of Muslim Spain | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=netlOtzI6R8C&pg=PA290| publisher = The New Press | year = 2009 | page = 290 | isbn = 978-1-59558-361-1 }}</ref>