Editing Trajan (section)

=== Iconography ===

[[File:Marble statue depicting an ageing Trajan dressed in military cuirass, reworked in the 3rd century, from the theatre stage building at Perga, Antalya Museum (9643079289).jpg|thumb|The head of this statue was reworked with a beard in the 3rd century for the theater of [[Perge]]. Now at the [[Antalya Museum]] in Turkey.]]

All Roman emperors until Trajan, except [[Nero]] who occasionally wore sideburns, were depicted clean-shaven, according to the fashion introduced among the Romans by [[Scipio Africanus]] (236{{snds}}183 BC). This Imperial fashion was changed by Trajan's successor [[Hadrian]] who made [[beard#Rome|beards]] fashionable for emperors.<ref name="Gschwantler">{{cite web |last1=Gschwantler |first1=Kurt |last2=Bernhard-Walcher |first2=Alfred |last3=Laubenberger |first3=Manuela |last4=Plattner |first4=Georg |last5=Zhuber-Okrog |first5=Karoline |title=Emperor Trajan - unknown - Masterpieces in the Collection of Greek and Roman Antiquities. A Brief Guide to the Kunsthistorisches Museum |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/emperor-trajan/VAFRbvyPL4JQ4A |website=Google Arts & Culture |access-date=8 May 2021 |location=Vienna |language=en |date=2011 |quote=Trajan is always depicted without a beard.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Gschwantler|first1=Kurt|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/944109355|title=Masterpieces in the collection of Greek and Roman antiquities|last2=Laubenberger|first2=Manuela|last3=Plattner|first3=Georg|last4=Zhuber-Okrog|first4=Karoline|last5=Bernhard-Walcher|first5=Alfred|publisher=Kunsthistorisches Museum|others=[[Sabine Haag]], Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien|year=2012|isbn=978-3-99020-007-0|editor-last=Haag|editor-first=Sabine|location=Vienna|oclc=944109355}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Porträtbüste: Kaiser Traian|url=https://www.khm.at/objektdb/detail/50052/|access-date=30 December 2021|website=www.khm.at|language=de}}</ref><ref name="Dorsey">{{cite web |last1=Dorsey |first1=Lauren |title=How to Identify a Roman Emperor By His Beard? {{!}} DailyArt Magazine |url=https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/identify-roman-emperor-by-beard/ |website=DailyArtMagazine.com - Art History Stories |access-date=8 May 2021 |language=en |date=9 January 2021}}</ref>