Editing Thomas Jefferson (section)

===Re-election in 1804 and second term===
{{further|1804 United States presidential election}}
[[File:ElectoralCollege1804.svg|thumb|alt=Electoral College map|Results from the [[1804 United States presidential election|1804 U.S. presidential election]] in which Jefferson was reelected overwhelmingly to a second term as president]]

Jefferson was nominated for reelection by the Democratic-Republican Party, with [[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]] replacing Burr as his running mate.<ref name=Meacham405>[[#Meacham|Meacham, 2012]], pp. 405–406.</ref> The Federalist Party ran [[Charles Cotesworth Pinckney]] of South Carolina, John Adams's vice presidential candidate in the 1800 election. The Jefferson-Clinton ticket won overwhelmingly in the electoral college vote, by 162 to 14, promoting their achievement of a strong economy, lower taxes, and the Louisiana Purchase.<ref name=Meacham405/>

In March 1806, a split developed in the Democratic-Republican Party, led by fellow Virginian and former Republican ally [[John Randolph of Roanoke|John Randolph]], who viciously accused President Jefferson on the floor of the House of moving too far in the Federalist direction, permanently setting Randolph apart [[Tertium quids|politically]] from Jefferson. Jefferson and Madison backed resolutions to limit or ban British imports in retaliation for British seizures of American shipping. Also, in 1808, Jefferson was the first president to propose a broad federal plan to build roads and canals across several states, asking for $20&nbsp;million, further alarming Randolph and believers of limited government.<ref>[[#Meacham|Meacham, 2012]], pp. 415–417.</ref>

Jefferson's popularity suffered further in his second term as a result of his response to wars in Europe. Relations with Britain deteriorated, due partly to the antipathy between Jefferson and British diplomat [[Anthony Merry]]. After [[Napoleon]]'s decisive victory at the [[Battle of Austerlitz]] in 1805, Napoleon became more aggressive in his negotiations with Jefferson and the U.S. over trading rights, which the U.S. proved unsuccessful in countering. Jefferson then led the enactment of the [[Embargo Act of 1807]], directed at both France and Britain, which triggered economic chaos in the U.S. and was strongly criticized, leading Jefferson to abandon the policy a year later.<ref>[[#Tucker37|Tucker, 1837]], v. 2, pp. 291–294.</ref>

During the American Revolution, colonial states abolished the international slave trade, but [[South Carolina]] reopened it. In his annual message of December 1806, Jefferson denounced the international slave trade as "violations of human rights" and called on the new Congress to immediately criminalize it. The following year, in 1807, Congress passed the [[Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves]], which Jefferson signed.<ref>[[#Miller80|Miller, 1980]], pp. 145–146.</ref><ref name="Randal583">[[#Randall|Randall, 1994]], p. 583.</ref> The act established severe punishment against the international slave trade, although it did not address the issue domestically.<ref>[[#Kaplan|Kaplan, 1999]], p. 407.</ref>

In [[Haiti]], Jefferson's neutrality allowed arms to flow to the slave independence movement during the [[Haitian Revolution]], and Jefferson blocked attempts to assist Napoleon, who was defeated militarily in Haiti in 1803.<ref name=jstorhaiti>[[#JeffHaiti|Jefferson, Haiti ''The Journal of Southern History'' 61, no. 2 (May 1995)]], p. 221.</ref> But Jefferson's administration refused official recognition of Haiti during his second term, in deference to southern complaints about racial violence against slave holders. Recognition was not extended to Haiti until 1862.<ref>[[#Bernstein03|Bernstein, 2003]], pp. 146–147.</ref>