Editing Texas Instruments (section)

====TI calculator community====
In the 1990s, with the advent of TI's graphing calculator series, programming became popular among some students. The TI-8x series of calculators (beginning with the TI-81) came with a built-in [[TI-BASIC|BASIC]] interpreter, through which simple programs could be created. The TI-83 was the first in the series to receive native assembly.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-9dDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT33|title=Stand Out of Our Light: Freedom and Resistance in the Attention Economy|last=Williams|first=James Wilson|author-link=James Wilson Williams|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|date=2018|access-date=2022-03-13|page=17|isbn=978-1-108-42909-2|doi=10.1017/9781108453004}}</ref> Around the same time that these programs were first being written, programmers began creating websites to host their work, along with tutorials and other calculator-relevant information. This led to the formation of TI calculator [[webrings]] and eventually a few large communities, including ticalc.org.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome - ticalc.org|url=https://www.ticalc.org/|access-date=2022-09-23|website=www.ticalc.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/09/circuits/articles/02calc.html|title=Powerful Calculators Throw Teachers a New Curve|last=Lee|first=Jennifer|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=1999-09-02|access-date=2022-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312225241/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/09/circuits/articles/02calc.html|archive-date=2022-03-12|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=root.cz>{{cite web|url=https://www.root.cz/clanky/programovaci-jazyky-z-vyvojarskeho-pekla-spagetovy-kod-na-kalkulackach/|title=Programovací jazyky z vývojářského pekla: špagetový kód na kalkulačkách|language=cs|trans-title=Programming languages from development hell: spaghetti code on calculators|last=Tišnovský|first=Pavel|work=Root.cz|date=2016-06-14|access-date=2022-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313001454/https://www.root.cz/clanky/programovaci-jazyky-z-vyvojarskeho-pekla-spagetovy-kod-na-kalkulackach/|archive-date=2022-03-13|url-status=live}}</ref>

The TI community reached the height of its popularity in the early 2000s, with many new websites and programming groups being started. In fact, the aforementioned community sites were exploding with activity, with close to 100 programs being uploaded daily by users of the sites. Also, a competition existed between both sites to be the top site in the community, which helped increase interest and activity in the community.

One of the common unifying forces that has united the community over the years has been the rather contentious relationship with TI regarding control over its graphing calculators.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}} TI graphing calculators generally fall into two distinct groups—the older ones powered by the [[Zilog Z80]] and the newer ones running on the [[Motorola 68000]] series.<ref name=root.cz/> Both lines of calculators are locked by TI with checks in the hardware and through the signing of software to disable use of custom operating systems. However, users discovered the keys and published them in 2009. TI responded by sending invalid [[DMCA]] [[takedown notice]]s, causing the [[Texas Instruments signing key controversy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/stories/2009/10/26/story6.html|url-access=limited|title=Hobbyists tangle with TI|last=Bounds|first=Jeff|work=[[Dallas Business Journal]]|date=2009-10-24|access-date=2022-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313002427/https://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/stories/2009/10/26/story6.html|archive-date=2022-03-13|url-status=live}}</ref>