Editing Tariff (section)

==Political analysis==
The tariff has been used as a political tool to establish an independent nation; for example, the United States [[Tariff Act of 1789]], signed specifically on July 4, was called the "Second Declaration of Independence" by newspapers because it was intended to be the economic means to achieve the political goal of a sovereign and independent United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://americashistory.org/detail.aspx?cat=12&man=452 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708082900/http://americashistory.org/detail.aspx?cat=12&man=452 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-07-08 |title=Thomas Jefferson – under George Washington by America's History |publisher=americashistory.org}}</ref>

The political impact of tariffs is judged depending on the political perspective; for example, the [[2002 United States steel tariff]] imposed a 30% tariff on a variety of imported steel products for a period of three years and American steel producers supported the tariff.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/mar2002/nf2002038_1478.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020605041815/http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/mar2002/nf2002038_1478.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 5, 2002 |work=Business Week Online |date=March 8, 2002 |title=Behind the Steel-Tariff Curtain}}</ref>

Tariffs can emerge as a political issue prior to an election. The [[Nullification Crisis]] of 1832 arose from the passage of a new tariff by the United States Congress, a few months before that year's [[1832 United States elections|federal elections]]; the state of South Carolina was outraged by the new tariff, and civil war nearly resulted.<ref>"[https://thehermitage.com/learn/andrew-jackson-nullification Andrew Jackson & the Nullification Crisis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230808024520/https://thehermitage.com/learn/andrew-jackson-nullification/ |date=2023-08-08 }}", [[The Hermitage (Nashville, Tennessee)|The Hermitage]], 2023. Accessed 2023-08-08.</ref> In the leadup to the [[2007 Australian federal election|2007 Australian Federal election]], the [[Australian Labor Party]] announced it would undertake a review of Australian car tariffs if elected.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,22729573-5013871,00.html |title=PM rulses out more help for car firms |author=Sid Marris and Dennis Shanahan |date=November 9, 2007 |newspaper=The Australian |access-date=2007-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071109183702/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,22729573-5013871,00.html |archive-date=2007-11-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party]] made a similar commitment, while independent candidate [[Nick Xenophon]] announced his intention to introduce tariff-based legislation as "a matter of urgency".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Candidate-wants-car-tariff-cuts-halted/2007/10/29/1193618771259.html |title=Candidate wants car tariff cuts halted |newspaper=The Age |location=Melbourne |date=October 29, 2007 |access-date=November 11, 2007 |archive-date=November 13, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113142838/http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Candidate-wants-car-tariff-cuts-halted/2007/10/29/1193618771259.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

Unpopular tariffs are known to have ignited social unrest, for example the 1905 [[meat riots]] in Chile that developed in protest against tariffs applied to the [[Argentine beef|cattle imports from Argentina]].<ref name=mem>{{in lang|es}} ''[http://www.memoriachilena.cl/temas/dest.asp?id=movimientoshuelgadelacarne Primeros movimientos sociales chileno (1890–1920)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308040535/http://www.memoriachilena.cl/temas/dest.asp?id=movimientoshuelgadelacarne |date=2012-03-08 }}''. Memoria Chilena.</ref><ref name=benjamin>Benjamin S. 1997. Meat and Strength: The Moral Economy of a Chilean Food Riot. ''[[Cultural Anthropology]]'', 12, pp. 234–268.</ref>