Editing Tajikistan (section)

=== Education ===
{{Main|Education in Tajikistan}}
[[File:Tajik National University (Main Building).jpg|thumb|[[Tajik National University]] in Dushanbe]]
An estimated 99.8% of the population of Tajikistan have the ability to read and write.<ref name=CIA />

Public education in Tajikistan consists of 11 years of primary and secondary education and the government planned to implement a 12-year system in 2016.<ref name="scholaro.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.scholaro.com/db/Countries/Tajikistan/Education-System|title=Tajikistan Education System|website=www.scholaro.com|access-date=4 August 2024}}</ref> There is a number of [[List of universities in Tajikistan|tertiary education institutions]] including [[Khujand State University]], which has 76 departments in 15 faculties,<ref name="scholaro.com" /> [[Tajikistan State University of Law, Business, & Politics]], [[Khorugh State University]], [[Agricultural University of Tajikistan]], [[Tajik National University]], and other institutions. Universities were established during the Soviet Era. {{As of|2008}} tertiary education enrollment was 17%, below the sub-regional average of 37%,<ref name="unicef.org">[http://www.unicef.org/ceecis/Tajikistan.pdf Education in Tajikistan] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106003014/http://www.unicef.org/ceecis/Tajikistan.pdf |date=6 November 2013 }}. unicef.org</ref> while higher than any other [[low-income country]] after [[Syria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=School enrollment, tertiary (% gross) – Low income {{!}} Data|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.TER.ENRR?locations=XM&most_recent_value_desc=true|access-date=27 July 2020|website=data.worldbank.org|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727191035/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.TER.ENRR?locations=XM&most_recent_value_desc=true|url-status=live}}</ref> Tajiks left the education system due to "low" demand in the labour market for people with "extensive" educational training or professional skills.<ref name="unicef.org" />

Public spending on education was relatively constant between 2005–2012 and fluctuated from 3.5% to 4.1% of [[GDP]]<ref>[http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS/countries/TJ?display=graph Tajikistan, Public spending on education, total (% of GDP)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714214007/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS/countries/TJ?display=graph |date=14 July 2014 }} World Bank</ref> below the [[OECD]] average of 6%.<ref name="unicef.org" /> The [[United Nations]] reported that the level of spending was "severely inadequate to meet the requirements of the country's high-needs education system."<ref name="unicef.org" />

According to a UNICEF-supported survey, about 25% of girls in Tajikistan fail to complete compulsory primary education because of poverty and gender bias,<ref>{{cite web | title =Tajikistan hosts education forum | work =News note | publisher =UNICEF | date =9 June 2005 | url =http://www.unicef.org/media/media_27308.html | access-date =12 September 2013 | url-status =live | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131104204553/http://www.unicef.org/media/media_27308.html | archive-date =4 November 2013 | df =dmy-all }}</ref> while [[literacy]] is "generally high" in Tajikistan.<ref name="hdrstats.undp.org" /> Estimates of out of school children range from 4.6% to 19.4% with the majority being girls.<ref name="unicef.org" />

In September 2017, the [[University of Central Asia]] launched its second campus in Khorog, Tajikistan, offering majors in Earth & Environmental Sciences and Economics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ucentralasia.org/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129122624/http://www.ucentralasia.org/|url-status=dead|title=University of Central Asia – University of Central Asia|archive-date=29 November 2016|website=www.ucentralasia.org}}</ref> Tajikistan was ranked 107th in the [[Global Innovation Index]] in 2024.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2024/en/|title=Global Innovation Index 2024. Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship|access-date=2024-10-22|author=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]]|year=2024|isbn=978-92-805-3681-2|doi= 10.34667/tind.50062|website=www.wipo.int|location=Geneva|page=18}}</ref>

Science in the territory of Tajikistan achieved "success" in the Middle Ages, and scientific organizations were created in the Soviet period. During the period of independence, the scientific sphere has experienced a "crisis": the annual number of patent applications for inventions decreased in 1994–2011 from 193 to 5.<ref>''Султанова Л. Ш., Айдинова М. А.'' Значение канала трансфера новых технологий для Узбекистана // Актуальные вопросы современной науки. — 2014. — № 1 (2,3). — С. 87.</ref> A contribution to science is made by universities, where in 2011 6707 researchers worked, of which 2450 had academic degrees.<ref>''Шарипов М. М.'' Роль вузов в формировании и развитии инновационной экономики в Республике Таджикистан // Современные проблемы науки и образования. — 2014. — № 6. — С. 627.</ref>