Editing Suffrage (section)

===Naturalization===
In some countries, naturalized citizens do not have the right to vote or to be a candidate, either permanently or for a determined period.

Article 5 of the 1831 [[Constitution of Belgium|Belgian Constitution]] made a difference between ordinary naturalization, and ''grande naturalisation''. Only (former) foreigners who had been granted ''grande naturalisation'' were entitled to vote, be a candidate for parliamentary elections, or be appointed minister. However, ordinary naturalized citizens could vote for municipal elections.<ref>Delcour, M.C., Traité théorique et pratique du droit électoral appliqué aux élections communales, Louvain, Ickx & Geets, 1842, p.&nbsp;16</ref> Ordinary naturalized citizens and citizens who had acquired Belgian nationality through marriage could vote, but not run as candidates for parliamentary elections in 1976. The concepts of ordinary and grande naturalization were suppressed from the Constitution in 1991.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://suffrage-universel.be/be/00.htm |title=La participation politique des allochtones en Belgique – Historique et situation bruxelloise |first=Pierre-Yves |last=Lambert |publisher=Academia-Bruylant (coll. Sybidi Papers), Louvain-la-Neuve |year=1999 |access-date=6 December 2007}}</ref>

In [[France]], the 1889 Nationality Law barred those who had acquired the French nationality by naturalization or marriage from voting, and from eligibility and access to several public jobs. In 1938 the delay was reduced to five years.<ref>[https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080216092020/http://www.patrick-weil.com/Fichiers%20du%20site/2003%20-%20D%E9bat%20sur%20la%20nationalit%E9%20fran%E7aise%20(Dico%20Sirinelli).pdf "Patrick Weil, Nationalité française (débat sur la)"], dans Jean-François Sirinelli (dir.), Dictionnaire historique de la vie politique française au XXe siècle, Paris, PUF, 1995, pp.&nbsp;719–721</ref> These instances of discrimination, as well as others against naturalized citizens, were gradually abolished in 1973 (9 January 1973 law) and 1983.

In [[Morocco]], a former French [[protectorate]], and in Guinea, a former French colony, naturalized citizens are prohibited from voting for five years following their naturalization.<ref>[http://www.rdh50.ma/fr/pdf/contributions/GT10-9.pdf Nadia Bernoussi, L'évolution du processus électoral au Maroc, 22 December 2005] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121125082353/http://www.rdh50.ma/fr/pdf/contributions/GT10-9.pdf |date=25 November 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ife.org.mx/documentos/AI/semghin.htm |title=art. 3, al. 3, Loi Organique portant code électoral guinéen |publisher=Ife.org.mx |access-date=21 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602040907/http://www.ife.org.mx/documentos/AI/semghin.htm |archive-date=2 June 2013}}</ref>

In the [[Federated States of Micronesia]], one must be a Micronesian citizen for at least 15 years to run for parliament.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2213_B.htm |title=Federated States of Micronesia |publisher=Inter-Parliamentary Union |access-date=12 December 2007}}</ref>

In [[Nicaragua]], [[Peru]] and the [[Philippines]], only citizens by birth are eligible for being elected to the national legislature; naturalized citizens enjoy only voting rights.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2235_B.htm |title=Nicaragua |publisher=Inter-Parliamentary Union |access-date=12 December 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2251_B.htm |title=Peru |publisher=Inter-Parliamentary Union |access-date=12 December 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2253_B.htm |title=Philippines |publisher=Inter-Parliamentary Union |access-date=12 December 2007}}</ref>

In [[Uruguay]], naturalized citizens have the right of eligibility to the parliament after five years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2341_B.htm |title=Uruguay |publisher=Inter-Parliamentary Union |access-date=12 December 2007}}</ref>

In the United States, the President and [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] must be natural-born citizens. All other governmental offices may be held by any citizen, although citizens may only run for Congress after an extended period of citizenship (seven years for the House of Representatives and nine for the Senate).