Editing Sub-Saharan Africa (section)

===Energy and power===
{{Main|Mineral industry of Africa}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="float:right; font-size:80%;"
|+ Oil production by country <br />(with other key actors of African or oil economy)
|-
! Rank || Area || bb/day || Year || Like...
|-
! _ || W: World || 85,540,000 || 2007 est. ||
|-
| 01 || E: Russia || 9,980,000 || 2007 est. ||
|-
| 02 || Ar: Saudi Arb || 9,200,000 || 2008 est. ||
|-
| 04 || As: Libya || 4,725,000 || 2008 est. || Iran
|-
| 10 || Af: Nigeria || 2,352,000 || 2011 est. || Norway
|-
| 15 || Af: Algeria || 2,173,000 || 2007 est. ||
|-
| 16 || Af: Angola || 1,910,000 || 2008 est. ||
|-
| 17 || Af: Egypt || 1,845,000 || 2007 est. ||
|-
| 27 || Af: Tunisia || 664,000 || 2007 est. || Australia
|-
| 31 || Af: Sudan || 466,100 || 2007 est. || Ecuador
|-
| 33 || Af: Eq.Guinea || 368,500 || 2007 est. || Vietnam
|-
| 38 || Af: DR Congo || 261,000 || 2008 est.
|-
| 39 || Af: Gabon || 243,900 || 2007 est. ||
|-
| 40 || Af: Sth Africa || 199,100 || 2007 est. ||
|-
| 45 || Af: Chad || 156,000 || 2008 est. || Germany
|-
| 53 || Af: Cameroon || 87,400 || 2008 est. || France
|-
| 56 || E: France || 71,400 || 2007 ||
|-
| 60 || Af: Ivory Coast || 54,400 || 2008 est. ||
|-
! _ || Af: Africa || 10,780,400 || 2011 || Russia
|-
! colspan="5"| Source: [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2173rank.html CIA.gov] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512233445/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2173rank.html |date=12 May 2012 }}, World Facts Book > Oil exporters.
|}
[[File:Sub-Saharan Africa electricity generation mix (2005-2015) (30010633237).png|thumb|Energy sources in sub-Saharan Africa. Fossil fuels and hydroelectric power make up the largest share of sub-Saharan African electricity.]]

{{As of|2009}}, 50% of Africa was rural with no access to electricity. In 2021, Africa generated 889 TWh of electricity, amounting to 3.13% of the global market share.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Electricity Production Data {{!}} World Electricity Statistics {{!}} Enerdata |url=https://yearbook.enerdata.net/electricity/world-electricity-production-statistics.html |access-date=19 February 2023 |website=yearbook.enerdata.net |language=en }}</ref> Many countries were (as of 2009) affected by power shortages.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Creamer Media Reporter |title=Africa's energy problems threatens growth, says Nepad CEO |url=http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/africas-energy-problems-threatens-growth-says-nepad-ceo-2009-11-12 |website=www.engineeringnews.co.za |publisher=Engineering News |access-date=14 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604035047/http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/africas-energy-problems-threatens-growth-says-nepad-ceo-2009-11-12 |archive-date=4 June 2013 |date=12 November 2009 }}</ref>

The percentage of residences with access to electricity in sub-Saharan Africa is the lowest in the world. In some remote regions, fewer than one in every 20 households has electricity.<ref name=":172">{{Cite web |title=Access to energy is Africa development key |url=https://www.eib.org/en/stories/africa-energy-access |access-date=7 June 2021 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Access to electricity – SDG7: Data and Projections – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/sdg7-data-and-projections/access-to-electricity |access-date=7 June 2021 |website=IEA |language=en-GB }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 November 2019 |title=More than half of sub-Saharan Africans lack access to electricity |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2019/11/13/more-than-half-of-sub-saharan-africans-lack-access-to-electricity |access-date=7 June 2021 |issn=0013-0613 }}</ref>[[File:Greater Cape Town 12.02.2007 16-41-31.2007 16-41-33.JPG|thumb|The [[Athlone Power Station]] in [[Cape Town]], South Africa ]]

Because of rising prices in commodities such as coal and oil, thermal sources of energy are proving to be too expensive for power generation. Sub-Saharan Africa has the potential to generate 1,750 TWh of energy, of which only 7% has been explored. The failure to exploit its full energy potential is largely due to significant underinvestment, as at least four times as much (approximately $23&nbsp;billion a year) <!--something missing here, such as "could be generated"?-->and what is currently spent is invested in operating high cost power systems and not on expanding the infrastructure.<ref name="ODI1">Christian K.M. Kingombe 2011. [http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=5666&title=latin-america-medellin-colombia-microfinance-post-washington-consensus-microcredit-microenterprise-local-development Mapping the new infrastructure financing landscape] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918135821/http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=5666&title=latin-america-medellin-colombia-microfinance-post-washington-consensus-microcredit-microenterprise-local-development|date=18 September 2012}}. London: [[Overseas Development Institute]]</ref>

African governments are taking advantage of the readily available water resources to broaden their energy mix. Hydro Turbine Markets in sub-Saharan Africa generated revenues of $120.0&nbsp;million in 2007 and was estimated to reach $425.0&nbsp;million.{{when|date=February 2013}} 
Asian countries, notably China, India, and Japan, are playing an active role in power projects across the African continent. The majority of these power projects are hydro-based because of China's vast experience in the construction of hydro-power projects and part of the Energy & Power Growth Partnership Services programme.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://us-cdn.creamermedia.co.za/assets/articles/attachments/19642_frost.pdf |title=Creamer Media |publisher=Us-cdn.creamermedia.co.za |access-date=29 September 2015 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807155204/http://us-cdn.creamermedia.co.za/assets/articles/attachments/19642_frost.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

With electrification numbers, sub-Saharan Africa with access to the Sahara and being in the tropical zones has massive potential for solar [[photovoltaic]] electrical potential.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2006 |title=Nuclear Vs Solar Energy, Which? |url=https://www.redorbit.com/news/science/441990/nuclear_vs_solar_energy_which/ |access-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520151340/http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/441990/nuclear_vs_solar_energy_which |archive-date=20 May 2013 |url-status=live |website=Redorbit |language=en-US }}</ref> Six hundred million people could be served with electricity based on its photovoltaic potential.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zych |first=Ariel |title=Blog: Battle of the Bots |url=https://www.sciencefriday.com/educational-resources/blog-battle-of-the-bots/ |access-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728170705/https://www.sciencefriday.com/educational-resources/blog-battle-of-the-bots/?%2Farchives%2F306-Could-Africa-Leapfrog-The-U_S_-In-Solar-Power_html |archive-date=28 July 2020 |url-status=live |website=Science Friday |language=en-US }}</ref>{{failed verification|date=May 2023}} 
In 2003, China promised to train 10,000 technicians from Africa and other developing countries in the use of solar energy technologies over the next five years. Training African technicians to use solar power is part of the China-Africa science and technology cooperation agreement signed by Chinese science minister [[Xu Guanhua]] and African counterparts during premier Wen Jiabao's visit to Ethiopia in December 2003.<ref>{{cite web |author=Hepeng, Jia |url=http://www.scidev.net/en/news/china-to-train-developing-nations-in-solar-technol.html |title=China to train developing nations in solar technologies |website=scidev.net |date=20 August 2004 |access-date=14 November 2009 |archive-date=3 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091103125239/http://www.scidev.net/en/news/china-to-train-developing-nations-in-solar-technol.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[New Partnership for Africa's Development]] (NEPAD) is developing an integrated, continent-wide energy strategy. This has been funded by, amongst others, the [[African Development Bank]] (AfDB) and the EU-Africa Infrastructure Trust Fund. These projects must be sustainable, involve a cross-border dimension and/or have a regional impact, involve public and private capital, contribute to poverty alleviation and economic development, and involve at least one country in sub-Saharan Africa.<ref name=ODI1/>

Renewable Energy Performance Platform was established by the [[European Investment Bank]] and the [[United Nations Environment Programme]] with a five-year goal of improving energy access for at least two million people in sub-Saharan Africa. It has so far<!--???--> invested around $45 million to renewable energy projects in 13 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. [[Solar power]] and [[hydropower]] are among the energy methods used in the projects.<ref name=":172"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=About {{!}} Renewable Energy Performance Platform (REPP) |url=https://repp.energy/about-repp/ |access-date=7 June 2021 |website=REPP |language=en }}</ref>