Editing Sri Lanka (section)

== Demographics ==
{{Main|Demographics of Sri Lanka}}
[[File:SL population growth.png|thumb|upright=1.1|Sri Lanka's population, (1871–2001)]]

Sri Lanka has roughly 22,156,000 people and an annual population growth rate of 0.5%. The [[birth rate]] is 13.8 births per 1,000&nbsp;people, and the [[Mortality rate|death rate]] is 6.0 deaths per 1,000&nbsp;people.<ref name="Annual Report 2020" /> Population density is highest in western Sri Lanka, especially in and around the capital. [[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese]] constitute the largest ethnic group in the country, with 74.8% of the total population.<ref name="CPH2011_1">{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/cph2011Pub/pop42.pdf |title=Sri Lanka Census of Population and Housing, 2011 – Population by Ethnicity |publisher=Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka |date=20 April 2012 |access-date=10 October 2012 |archive-date=13 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113161924/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/Activities/Reports/cph2011Pub/pop42.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Sri Lankan Tamils]] are the second major ethnic group in the island, with a percentage of 11.2%. [[Sri Lankan Moors|Moors]] comprise 9.2%. There are also small ethnic groups such as the [[Burgher people|Burghers]] (of mixed European descent) and [[Sri Lankan Malays|Malays]] from Southeast Asia. Moreover, there is a small population of [[Vedda people]] who are believed to be the original indigenous group to inhabit the island.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lankalibrary.com/geo/dera2.html |title=Early Man and the Rise of Civilisation in Sri Lanka: the Archaeological Evidence |work=lankalibrary.com |access-date=15 July 2014 |archive-date=5 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105134736/http://www.lankalibrary.com/geo/dera2.html |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Clear}}

===Largest cities===
{{Largest cities
| country      = Sri Lanka
| stat_ref     = (2012 Department of Census and Statistics enumeration)<ref>{{cite web|title=Population of Municipal Councils and Urban Councils by sex Census 2012|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/abstract2021/CHAP2/2.4|website=statistics.gov.lk|publisher=Department of Census and Statistics|access-date=6 July 2017|date=2012|archive-date=7 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807014745/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/abstract2021/CHAP2/2.4|url-status=live}}</ref>
| div_name = Province
| city_1 = Colombo | div_1 = Western Province, Sri Lanka{{!}}Western | pop_1 = 561,314 | img_1 = Sunset from Kingsbury Hotel, Colombo.jpg
| city_2 = Kaduwela, Western Province{{!}}Kaduwela | div_2 = Western Province, Sri Lanka{{!}}Western | pop_2 = 252,041 | img_2 = Battaramulla City.jpg
| city_3 = Maharagama | div_3 = Western Province, Sri Lanka{{!}}Western | pop_3 = 196,423 
| city_4 = Kesbewa | div_4 = Western Province, Sri Lanka{{!}}Western | pop_4 = 185,122 
| city_5 = Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia | div_5 = Western Province, Sri Lanka{{!}}Western | pop_5 = 184,468 
| city_6 = Moratuwa | div_6 = Western Province, Sri Lanka{{!}}Western | pop_6 = 168,280 
| city_7 = Negombo | div_7 = Western Province, Sri Lanka{{!}}Western | pop_7 = 142,449 
| city_8 = Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte | div_8 = Western Province, Sri Lanka{{!}}Western | pop_8 = 107,925
| city_9 = Kalmunai | div_9 = Eastern Province, Sri Lanka{{!}}Eastern | pop_9 = 99,893  
| city_10 = Kandy | div_10 = Central Province, Sri Lanka{{!}}Central | pop_10 = 98,828
| city_11 = Galle | div_11 = Southern Province, Sri Lanka{{!}}Southern  | pop_11 = 86,333
| city_12 = Batticaloa | div_12 = Eastern Province, Sri Lanka{{!}}Eastern | pop_12 = 86,227
| city_13 = Jaffna | div_13 = Northern Province, Sri Lanka{{!}}Northern | pop_13 = 80,829
| city_14 = Matara, Sri Lanka{{!}}Matara | div_14 = Southern Province, Sri Lanka{{!}}Southern | pop_14 = 74,193
| city_15 = Gampaha | div_15 = Western Province, Sri Lanka{{!}}Western | pop_15 = 62,335
| city_16 = Katunayake | div_16 = Western Province, Sri Lanka{{!}}Western | pop_16 = 60,915
| city_17 = Boralesgamuwa | div_17 = Western Province, Sri Lanka{{!}}Western | pop_17 = 60,110
| city_18 = Kolonnawa | div_18 = Western Province, Sri Lanka{{!}}Western | pop_18 = 60,044
| city_19 = Anuradhapura | div_19 = North Central Province, Sri Lanka{{!}}North Central | pop_19 = 50,595
| city_20 = Trincomalee | div_20 = Eastern Province, Sri Lanka{{!}}Eastern | pop_20 = 48,351
}}

=== Languages ===
{{Main|Languages of Sri Lanka}}

[[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] are the two [[official language]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.languagescom.gov.lk/about_us.htm |title=Official Languages Commission |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214143656/http://www.languagescom.gov.lk/about_us.htm |archive-date=14 February 2012}}</ref> The constitution defines [[Sri Lankan English|English]] as the link language. English is widely used for education, scientific and commercial purposes. Members of the [[Burgher people|Burgher]] community speak variant forms of [[Portuguese Creole]] and Dutch with varying proficiency, while members of the Malay community speak a form of [[Creole language|Creole]] [[Sri Lanka Malay language|Malay]] that is unique to the island.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eva.mpg.de/lingua/conference/10-slm2010/pdf/How_unique_is_Sri_Lanka_Malay.pdf |title=How unique is Sri Lanka Malay? |work=Peter Bakker |publisher=[[Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology]]}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
{{Main|Religion in Sri Lanka}}

{{Pie chart
| thumb = left
| caption = Religion in Sri Lanka (2012 census)<ref>{{cite web |title=A3 : Population by religion according to districts, 2012 |url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=pop43&gp=Activities&tpl=3 |work=Census of Population & Housing, 2011 |publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka |access-date=20 July 2020 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107065148/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=pop43&gp=Activities&tpl=3 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="2011census">{{cite web |title=Census of Population and Housing 2011 |url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=SriLanka&gp=Activities&tpl=3 |publisher=Department of Census and Statistic |access-date=13 October 2019 |archive-date=6 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106095548/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=SriLanka&gp=Activities&tpl=3 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| label1 = [[Buddhism in Sri Lanka|Buddhism]]
| value1 = 70.2
| color1 = Gold
| label2 = [[Hinduism in Sri Lanka|Hinduism]]
| value2 = 12.6
| color2 = DarkOrange
| label3 = [[Islam in Sri Lanka|Islam]]
| value3 = 9.7
| color3 = Green
| label4 = [[Christianity in Sri Lanka|Christianity]]
| value4 = 7.4
| color4 = Blue
| label5 = Others 
| value5 = 0.05
| color5 = White
}}

[[Buddhism]] is the largest and is considered as an "[[Official religion]]" of Sri Lanka under Chapter II, Article 9, "The Republic of Sri Lanka shall give to Buddhism the foremost place and accordingly it shall be the duty of the State to protect and foster the Buddha Sasana".<ref name="lawnet.gov.lk">{{cite web |url=https://www.lawnet.gov.lk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/018-SLLR-SLLR-2007-V-1-ASHIK-v.-BANDULA-AND-OTHERSNoise-Pollution-Case.pdf |title=Ashik v Bandula And Others (Noise Pollution Case) |website=lawnet.gov.lk |access-date=6 January 2021 |archive-date=1 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301194734/https://www.lawnet.gov.lk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/018-SLLR-SLLR-2007-V-1-ASHIK-v.-BANDULA-AND-OTHERSNoise-Pollution-Case.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90234.htm |title=Sri Lanka |work=International Religious Freedom Report 2007 |publisher=[[Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor]] | date=14 September 2007}}</ref>
Buddhism is practised by 70.2% of the Sri Lankan population with most being predominantly from [[Theravada]] school of thought.<ref name="bisl-sn" /> Most Buddhists are of the Sinhalese ethnic group with minority Tamils. Buddhism was introduced to Sri Lanka in the 2nd century BCE by [[Mahinda (buddhist monk)|Mahinda Maurya]].<ref name="bisl-sn" /> A sapling of the [[Bodhi Tree]] under which [[the Buddha]] attained enlightenment was brought to Sri Lanka during the same time. The [[Pāli Canon]] (''Thripitakaya''), having previously been preserved as an oral tradition, was first committed to writing in Sri Lanka around 30 BCE.<ref name="ph-tbas">{{cite web |url=http://www.peacehall.com/news/gb/english/2005/03/200503280400.shtml |title=Theravada Buddhism and Shan/Thai/Dai/Laos Regions Boxun News |publisher=Peacehall.com |date=28 March 2005}}</ref> Sri Lanka has the longest continuous history of Buddhism of any predominantly Buddhist nation.<ref name="bisl-sn">{{cite web |url=http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/lanka-txt.htm |title=Theravada: Buddhism in Sri Lankan |publisher=Buddhanet.net |access-date=15 July 2014 |archive-date=21 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221072955/http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/lanka-txt.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> During periods of decline, the Sri Lankan monastic lineage was revived through contact with Thailand and Burma.<ref name="ph-tbas" />

Although [[Hinduism in Sri Lanka|Hindus in Sri Lanka]] form a religious minority, Hinduism has been present in Sri Lanka at least since the 2nd century BCE.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Claveyrolas |first1=Mathieu |last2=Goreau-Ponceaud |first2=Anthony |last3=Madavan |first3=Delon |last4=Meyer |first4=Eric |last5=Trouillet |first5=Pierre-yves |title=Hindus and Others: A Sri Lankan Perspective (Introduction) |journal=The South Asianist Journal |date=2018 |volume=6 |issue=1 |page=4 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01900123/document |access-date=4 July 2022 |publisher=University of Edinburg}}</ref> Hinduism was the dominant religion in Sri Lanka before the arrival of Buddhism in the 3rd century BCE. Buddhism was introduced into Sri Lanka by Mahinda, the son of Emperor Ashoka, during the reign of King [[Devanampiya Tissa]];<ref>Asian Religions in British Columbia, UBC Press 2011, p. 125.</ref> the Sinhalese embraced Buddhism and Tamils remain Hindus in Sri Lanka. However, it was activity from across the [[Palk Strait]] that truly set the scene for [[Hinduism]]'s survival in Sri Lanka. [[Shaivism]] (devotional worship of Lord Shiva) was the dominant branch practised by the Tamil peoples, thus most of the traditional [[Hindu temple architecture]] and [[philosophy]] of Sri Lanka drew heavily from this particular strand of [[Hinduism]]. Thirugnanasambanthar mentioned the names of several Sri Lankan Hindu temples in his works.<ref>[http://www.sundaytimes.lk/events/611-lecture-on-hindu-sculpture-and-architecture-of-sri-lanka Lecture on Hindu sculpture and architecture of Sri Lanka] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012234629/http://www.sundaytimes.lk/events/611-lecture-on-hindu-sculpture-and-architecture-of-sri-lanka |date=12 October 2012 }} Sunday Times – 29 September 2010</ref>

[[Islam in Sri Lanka|Islam]] is the third most prevalent religion in the country, having first been brought to the island by Arab traders over the course of many centuries, starting around the mid or late 7th century CE. Most followers on the island today are [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] who follow the [[Shafiʽi school|Shafi'i school]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianmuslims.info/history_of_muslims_in_india/lankan_muslims_historical_links_with_india.html |title=Lankan Muslims' historical links with India |publisher=Indianmuslims.info |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060024/http://www.indianmuslims.info/history_of_muslims_in_india/lankan_muslims_historical_links_with_india.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> and are believed to be descendants of Arab traders and the local women whom they married.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sailanmuslim.com/news/wp-content/uploads/the-origins-and-affinities-of-the-sri-lankan-moors.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729002356/http://sailanmuslim.com/news/wp-content/uploads/the-origins-and-affinities-of-the-sri-lankan-moors.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 July 2014 |title=Origins and Affinities of the Sri Lankan Moors}}</ref>

[[Christianity in Sri Lanka|Christianity]] reached the country at least as early as the fifth century (and possibly in the first),<ref>{{cite web |author=Pinto, Leonard |date=20 September 2013 |title=A Brief History Of Christianity In Sri Lanka |url=https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/a-brief-history-of-christianity-in-sri-lanka/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612094839/https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/a-brief-history-of-christianity-in-sri-lanka/ |archive-date=2023-06-12 |access-date=26 February 2015 |publisher=Colombo Telegraph}}</ref> gaining a wider foothold through Western colonists who began to arrive early in the 16th century.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The carpenter-heretic: a collection of Buddhist stories about Christianity from the 18th century Sri Lanka |year=1998 |isbn=978-955-9098-42-3 |author1=Young, R. F. |author2=Sēnānāyaka, J. E. B. |name-list-style=amp |publisher=Colombo: Karunaratne & Sons. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=axkLAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> Around 7.4% of the Sri Lankan population are Christians, of whom 82% are [[Catholic Church in Sri Lanka|Roman Catholics]] who trace their religious heritage directly to the Portuguese. Tamil Catholics attribute their religious heritage to [[Francis Xavier|St. Francis Xavier]] as well as Portuguese missionaries. The remaining Christians are evenly split between the [[Church of Ceylon|Anglican Church of Ceylon]] and other [[Protestantism|Protestant denominations]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mongabay.com/history/sri_lanka/sri_lanka-christianity.html |title=Sri Lanka – Christianity |publisher=[[Mongabay]]}}</ref>

There is also a small population of [[Zoroastrian]] immigrants from India ([[Parsis]]) who settled in Ceylon during the period of British rule.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~lkawgw/parsiintro.htm |title=The Parsi Community of Sri Lanka |publisher=[[Ancestry.com]]}}</ref> This community has steadily dwindled in recent years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sundaytimes.lk/000910/plus5.html |title=Sri Lankan Parsis facing extinction? |work=The Sunday Times}}</ref>

Religion plays a prominent role in the life and culture of Sri Lankans. The [[Buddhist]] majority observe [[Poya]] Days each month according to the [[Lunar calendar]], and [[Hindus]] and [[Muslims]] also observe their own holidays. In a 2008 [[Gallup poll]], Sri Lanka was ranked the third most religious country in the world, with 99% of Sri Lankans saying religion was an important part of their daily life.<ref name="gallu">{{cite web |url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/114211/Alabamians-Iranians-Common.aspx |title=What Alabamians and Iranians Have in Common |publisher=[[The Gallup Organization]] | date=9 February 2009}}</ref>

=== Health ===
[[File:Life expectancy in Sri Lanka.svg|thumb|Development of life expectancy]]
{{Main|Health in Sri Lanka}}

Sri Lankans have a [[life expectancy]] of 75.5 years at birth, which is 10% higher than the world average.<ref name="Annual Report 2020" /><ref name="treasry" /> The infant mortality rate stands at 8.5 per 1,000 births and the maternal mortality rate at 0.39 per 1,000 births, which is on par with figures from developed countries. The universal "pro-poor"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.island.lk/2008/05/31/features1.html |title=Our Pro-poor health care policy rewarded |work=The Island |access-date=7 September 2011 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074209/http://www.island.lk/2008/05/31/features1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> health care system adopted by the country has contributed much towards these figures.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.quickoverview.com/issues/universal-healthcare-system.html |title=Universal Health Care |publisher=quickoverview.com |access-date=15 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412190920/http://quickoverview.com/issues/universal-healthcare-system.html |archive-date=12 April 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sri Lanka ranks first among southeast Asian countries with respect to deaths by suicide, with 33 deaths per 100,000 persons. According to the Department of Census and Statistics, poverty, destructive pastimes, and inability to cope with stressful situations are the main causes behind the high suicide rates.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/social/social%20conditions.pdf |title=Social Conditions of Sri Lanka |pages=15–17 |publisher=statistics.gov.lk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117025044/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/social/social%20conditions.pdf |archive-date=17 November 2017 |access-date=10 March 2018}}</ref>
On 8 July 2020, the [[World Health Organization]] declared that Sri Lanka had successfully eliminated [[rubella]] and [[measles]] ahead of their 2023 target.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/southeastasia/news/detail/08-07-2020-maldives-sri-lanka-eliminate-measles-and-rubella-ahead-of-2023-target|title=Maldives, Sri Lanka eliminate measles and rubella, ahead of 2023 target|website=www.who.int}}</ref>

=== Education ===
{{Main|Education in Sri Lanka}}
[[File:SLINTEC060917.jpg|thumb|The [[Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology]] is a research institute specialising in the field of [[nanotechnology]].]]

With a [[literacy rate]] of 92.9%,<ref name="Annual Report 2020" /> Sri Lanka has one of the most literate populations amongst developing nations.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Problems of Illiteracy in a Literate Developing Society: Sri Lanka |author=Gunawardena, Chandra |year=1997 |volume=43 |issue=5/6 |pages=595–609 |journal=International Review of Education |jstor=3445068 |doi=10.1023/A:1003010726149 |bibcode=1997IREdu..43..595G |s2cid=142788627}}</ref> Its youth literacy rate stands at 98.8%,<ref>{{cite web |title=Literacy rate, youth total (% of people ages 15-24) – Sri Lanka |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.1524.LT.ZS?locations=LK |publisher=World Bank | access-date=24 February 2021 |date=September 2020}}</ref> computer literacy rate at 35%,<ref name="daynwsl">{{cite web |url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2011/07/29/cdnstory.asp?sid=20110705_01 |title=Govt targets 75% computer literacy rate by 2016 |work=The Daily News}}</ref> and primary school enrollment rate at over 99%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/sri_lanka_statistics.html |title=Sri Lanka – Statistics |publisher=[[UNICEF]] |access-date=13 November 2010 |archive-date=30 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830142313/https://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/sri_lanka_statistics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> An education system which dictates nine years of [[Compulsory education|compulsory schooling]] for every child is in place.

The [[free education]] system established in 1945<ref>{{Cite book |author=De Silva, K.M. |title=A Short History of Sri Lanka |publisher=[[University of California Press]] | year=1981 |place=Los Angeles |page=472 |isbn=978-0-520-04320-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dByI_qil26YC}}</ref> is a result of the initiative of [[C. W. W. Kannangara]] and A. Ratnayake.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2009/06/08/fea26.asp |title=Honouring the Father of Free Education |work=The Daily News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://transcurrents.com/tc/2009/10/who_was_father_of_free_educati.html |title=Who was "Father" of free education in Sri Lanka?: C.W.W. Kannangara or A. Ratnayake? |publisher=Trans Currents |access-date=21 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065821/http://transcurrents.com/tc/2009/10/who_was_father_of_free_educati.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> It is one of the few countries in the world that provide universal free education from primary to tertiary stage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://countrystudies.us/sri-lanka/46.htm |title=Education: Traditional and Colonial Systems |publisher=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]]}}</ref> Kannangara led the establishment of the [[Madhya Vidyalaya]]s (central schools) in different parts of the country in order to provide education to Sri Lanka's rural children.<ref name="daynwsl" /> In 1942, a special education committee proposed extensive reforms to establish an efficient and quality education system for the people. However, in the 1980s changes to this system separated the administration of schools between the central government and the provincial government. Thus the elite [[National school (Sri Lanka)|national schools]] are controlled directly by the [[Ministry of Education (Sri Lanka)|ministry of education]] and the provincial schools by the provincial government. Sri Lanka has approximately 10,155 government schools, 120 private schools and 802 [[pirivena]]s.<ref name="Annual Report 2020"/>

Sri Lanka has 17 public universities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2021 |title=Universities and Higher Educational Institutions established under the purview of the University Grants Commission |url=https://www.ugc.ac.lk/index.php?option=com_university&view=list&Itemid=25&lang=en |access-date=28 October 2021 |website=UGC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ugc.ac.lk/downloads/statistics/stat_2010/Chapter1.pdf |page=3 |title=Sri Lanka University Statistics 2010 |publisher=[[University Grants Commission (Sri Lanka)|University Grants Commission]]}}</ref> A lack of responsiveness of the education system to labour market requirements, disparities in access to quality education, lack of an effective linkage between secondary and tertiary education remain major challenges for the education sector.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://portal.unesco.org/geography/fr/files/10905/12353682765Sri_Lanka.pdf/Sri%2BLanka.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623172848/http://portal.unesco.org/geography/fr/files/10905/12353682765Sri_Lanka.pdf/Sri%2BLanka.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 June 2013 |pages=3–4 |title=Facing Global and Local Challenges: The New Dynamics for Higher Education – Sri Lanka Country Report |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> A number of private, degree awarding institutions have emerged in recent times to fill in these gaps, yet the participation at tertiary level education remains at 5.1%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ugc.ac.lk/en/statistics/educational-indicators.html |title=Educational Indicators 1980–2009 |publisher=[[University Grants Commission (Sri Lanka)]] | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222203802/http://www.ugc.ac.lk/en/statistics/educational-indicators.html |archive-date=22 February 2011}}</ref> Sri Lanka was ranked 89th in the [[Global Innovation Index]] in 2024.<ref>{{Cite book |author=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]] |year=2024 |title=Global Innovation Index 2024: Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship |url=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2024/en/ |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=www.wipo.int |page=18 |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization |language=en |doi=10.34667/tind.50062 |isbn=978-92-805-3681-2}}</ref>