Editing Skylab (section)

== Cameras and film ==
[[File:Skylab 3 Close-Up - GPN-2000-001711.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|A view of the Skylab space station taken with a hand-held 70 mm Hasselblad camera using a 100 mm lens and SO-368 medium speed Ektachrome film]]
[[File:Sl3-122-2587ellenfromskylab.jpg|thumb|right|[[1973 Atlantic hurricane season|Hurricane Ellen]] of 1973, as seen from Skylab]]
[[File:Sl2-05-364crete1973.jpg|thumb|The island of [[Crete]] as photographed on June 22, 1973, from Skylab]]
[[File:40 Years Ago, Skylab Paved Way for International Space Station.jpg|thumb|Skylab as Skylab 2 mission departs]]

There was a variety of hand-held and fixed experiments that used various types of film. In addition to the instruments in the ATM solar observatory, 35 and 70&nbsp;mm film cameras were carried on board. An analog TV camera was carried that recorded video electronically. These electronic signals could be recorded to magnetic tape or be transmitted to Earth by radio signal.

It was determined that film would fog up to due to radiation over the course of the mission.<ref name="ntrs.nasa.gov"/> To prevent this, film was stored in vaults.<ref name="ntrs.nasa.gov"/>

Personal (hand-held) camera equipment:<ref name="ch5b">{{cite web |url=https://history.nasa.gov/EP-107/ch5b.htm#n4b|title=ch5b|date=January 1973 |publisher=history.nasa.gov|access-date=14 January 2017 |last1=Belew |first1=L. F. |last2=Stuhlinger |first2=E. }} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
* Television camera
** Westinghouse color
** 25–150&nbsp;mm zoom
* [[16 mm film]] camera (Maurer), called the 16&nbsp;mm Data Acquisition Camera.<ref name="ch5b"/> The DAC was capable of very low frame rates, such as for engineering data films, and it had independent shutter speeds.<ref name="scribd.com">{{cite report |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/51552970/Handbook-of-Pilot-Operational-Equipment-for-Manned-Spaceflight |title=Handbook of Pilot Operational Equipment for Manned Spaceflight |via=Scribd |page=2.1-1}}</ref> It could be powered from a battery or from Skylab itself.<ref name="scribd.com"/> It used interchangeable lenses, and various lens and also film types were used during the missions.<ref name="scribd.com"/>
** There were different options for [[frame rate]]s: 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 frames per second<ref name="ch5b"/>
** Lenses available: 5, 10, 18, 25, 75, and 100&nbsp;mm
** Films used:
*** Ektachrome film
*** SO-368 film
*** SO-168 film

Film for the DAC was contained in DAC film magazines, which contained up to 140 feet (42.7 m) of film.<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/51552970/Handbook-of-Pilot-Operational-Equipment-for-Manned-Spaceflight |title=Handbook of Pilot Operational Equipment for Manned Spaceflight |via=Scribd |page=2.2-1}}</ref> At 24 frames per second this was enough for 4 minutes of filming, with progressively longer film times with lower frame rates such as 16 minutes at 6 frames per second.<ref name="scribd.com"/> The film had to be loaded or unloaded from the DAC in a photographic [[dark room]].<ref name="scribd.com"/>
* 35&nbsp;mm film cameras ([[Nikon]])<ref name="ch5b"/>
** There were 5 Nikon 35&nbsp;mm film cameras on board, with 55&nbsp;mm and 300&nbsp;mm lenses.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/SearchPhotos/Metadata/Apollo-Saturn_4-6_tables.htm|title=OBSERVATION OF THE EARTH ORBITAL AND SUORBITAL SPACEFLIGHT MISSIONS}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
** They were specially modified [[Nikon F]] cameras<ref name="imaging.nikon.com">{{cite web |url=http://imaging.nikon.com/history/chronicle/rhnc12ti-e/|title=Nikon – Imaging Products – Legendary Nikons / Vol. 12. Special titanium Nikon cameras and NASA cameras}}</ref>
** The cameras were capable of interchangeable lenses.<ref name="imaging.nikon.com"/>
** 35mm films included:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/SearchPhotos/Metadata/Apollo-Saturn_4-6_tables.htm|title=OBSERVATION OF THE EARTH ORBITAL AND SUORBITAL SPACEFLIGHT MISSIONS |website=eol.jsc.nasa.gov|access-date=14 January 2017}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
*** [[Ektachrome]]
*** SO-368
*** SO-168
*** 2485 type film
*** 2443 type film
* 70&nbsp;mm film camera ([[Hasselblad]])<ref name="ch5b"/>
** This had an electric data camera system with [[Reseau plate]]
** Films included
*** 70&nbsp;mm Ektachrome
*** SO-368 film
** Lenses: 70&nbsp;mm lens, 100&nbsp;mm lens.<ref name="ch5b"/>

Experiment S190B was the Actron Earth Terrain Camera.<ref name="ch5b"/>

The S190A was the ''Multispectral Photographic Camera'':<ref name="ch5b"/>
* This consisted of six [[Itek]] 70&nbsp;mm boresighted cameras
* Lenses were f/2.8 with a 21.2° [[field of view]].

There was also a [[Polaroid SX-70]] instant camera,<ref>[http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/pdf/83125main_1973.pdf Hunt, Curtis "'Quiet' Sun not so Quiet" (September 17, 1973) NASA JSC News Release] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212004710/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/pdf/83125main_1973.pdf |date=December 12, 2019 }} {{PD-notice}}</ref> and a pair of [[Esselte Leitz GmbH & Co KG|Leitz]] Trinovid 10 × 40 binoculars modified for use in space to aid in Earth observations.<ref name="ch5b"/>

The SX-70 was used to take pictures of the [[Extreme ultraviolet|Extreme Ultraviolet]] monitor by Dr. Garriot, as the monitor provided a live video feed of the solar corona in ultraviolet light as observed by Skylab solar observatory instruments located in the [[Apollo Telescope Mount]].<ref>{{cite web |title=SL3-135P-3371 |date=15 Aug 1973 |publisher=NASA |url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/skylab/skylab3/html/sl3-135p-3371.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508042717/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/skylab/skylab3/html/sl3-135p-3371.html |archive-date=2015-05-08 |url-status=dead}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>