Editing Sin (mythology) (section)

===Other areas===
====Nippur====
Sin is already mentioned in an [[Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)|Early Dynastic]] inscription of [[Lugal-zage-si|Lugalzagesi]] from [[Nippur]], with the name Nanna only appearing in sources from this city later on.{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|p=368}} A temple dedicated to Sin known under the ceremonial name Ekišnugal existed in Bīt-Suenna,{{sfn|George|1993|p=114}} which was seemingly a [[suburb]] of this city.{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|p=369}} The so-called ''Nippur Compendium'' mentions a nameless temple dedicated to him located in Nippur itself, and states that he was worshiped there alongside [[Ningal]], [[Ishtar]], [[Shamash]], [[Shuzianna]] and [[Kalkal (god)|Kalkal]].{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|pp=369-370}} He was also venerated in one of the four chapels in the temple of [[Ninlil]], with the other three dedicated to [[Ninhursag]], [[Nintinugga]] and [[Nisaba]].{{sfn|Asher-Greve|Westenholz|2013|p=67}} In [[theophoric name]]s from [[Kassites|Kassite]] Nippur, Sin is the single most common deity, appearing 129 times in available sources in this context.{{sfn|Bartelmus|2017|p=310}}

====Babylon and Borsippa====
In [[Babylon]], Sin is first attested in the [[Old Babylonian period]] during the reign of [[Sumu-abum]], who constructed a temple dedicated to him, though it is not certain to which of the sanctuaries documented in later sources it corresponded.{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|p=378}} One of them shared the name Ekišnugal with the temple from Ur, as attested in inscriptions of [[Hammurabi]], [[Samsu-iluna]] and [[Nebuchadnezzar II]].{{sfn|George|1993|p=114}} A second house of worship dedicated to him, Enitendu, "house of (pleasant) rest", existed in the east of the same city, as indicated by inscriptions of [[Ammi-Ditana]] and [[Ammi-Saduqa]].{{sfn|George|1993|p=132}} Sin was also worshiped in the temple of [[Epithets of Inanna#Geographical epithets|Bēlet-Bābili]], a local hypostasis of Ishtar, presumably due to his well documented role as the father of this goddess.{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|p=380}} In the [[Seleucid Empire|Seleucid]] period, [[Antiochos I]] on one occasion made offerings to Sin in Babylon.{{sfn|Krul|2018|p=38}} However, it is presumed that his religious policy with regards to veneration of local deities was unique and should not be regarded as the standard for Seleucid rulers, as it finds no direct parallel in sources pertaining to other members of this dynasty.{{sfn|Krul|2018|pp=39-40}}

Sin was also worshiped in the immediate proximity of Babylon in Damru, as evidenced by his epithet ''bēl Damru'', "lord of Damru".{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|p=381}} A temple dedicated to him bearing the ceremonial name Egissubiduga, "house whose shade is pleasant", existed in this settlement.{{sfn|George|1993|p=28}}

Evidence for the worship of Sin in nearby [[Borsippa]] is available from the Neo-Babylonian period and late sources, though he was likely present in this city earlier already.{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|p=383}} In the Ezida temple complex, which was dedicated to [[Nabu]] (earlier [[Marduk]], initially [[Tutu (Mesopotamian god)|Tutu]]),{{sfn|George|1993|p=159}} there existed a sanctuary dedicated to him known as Edimanna, "house, bond of heaven", as attested in an inscription of Nebuchadnezzar II commemorating its rebuilding and in a Neo-Babylonian administrative text.{{sfn|George|1993|p=75}} It is possible his presence in the local pantheon reflected a connection between him and [[Nanaya]].{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|p=384}}

====Uruk====
In [[Uruk]] the worship of Sin is first documented in the Old Babylonian period, with an offering list using his Sumerian name and an administrative text the Akkadian one.{{sfn|Beaulieu|2003|pp=271-272}} His temple in this city was known under the ceremonial name Edumununna, "house of the son of the prince".{{sfn|George|1993|p=80}} In the Neo-Babylonian period he was most likely worshiped in this city in a small chapel, so-called ''ekurrātu''.{{sfn|Beaulieu|2003|p=73}} Three manifestations of him received offerings, with Sin "of the courtyard" (''ša kisalli'') and "of heaven" (''ša šamê'') attested in addition to the standard form of this god.{{sfn|Beaulieu|2003|p=272}} However, the significance of these two more specific manifestations was minor.{{sfn|Beaulieu|2003|p=369}} In three cases, Sin and "Sin of heaven" appear in the same texts as two distinct deities.{{sfn|Beaulieu|2003|p=346}}

A reference to a sanctuary of Sin occurs in a text from the reign of [[Darius the Great]] as well.{{sfn|Beaulieu|2003|p=273}} He also continued to be venerated in Uruk in the Seleucid period, as indicated by references to him in both ritual and legal texts, as well as attested theophoric names invoking him.{{sfn|Krul|2018|p=72}} He might have been one of the deities worshiped in the Bīt Rēš,{{sfn|Krul|2018|p=67}} "head temple," a new temple complex dedicated to [[Anu]] and [[Antu (goddess)|Antu]] which was built in this period.{{sfn|George|1993|p=137}} According to Julia Krul, it can be assumed that his presence in the local pantheon of Uruk was also the reason behind the introduction of [[Ningal]] and [[Ningublaga]] to the city documented in late sources.{{sfn|Krul|2018|p=75}}

====Other Babylonian cities====
[[File:Stele of the Vultures in the Louvre Museum (enhanced composite).jpg|thumb|The surviving fragments of the Stele of the Vultures.]]
While Sin was seemingly not actively worshiped in [[Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)|Early Dynastic]] [[Lagash]], he appears among the deities invoked in an oath formula on the [[Stele of the Vultures]], as well as in both Sumerian and Akkadian theophoric names identified in sources from this area, such as Amar-Suen and Puzur-Suen.{{sfn|Selz|1995|p=275}} Later on [[Naram-Sin of Akkad|Naram-Sin]] might have built a temple dedicated to him in nearby [[Girsu]].{{sfn|George|1993|p=169}}

In [[Tell_Uqair#Urum|Urum]] Sin was worshiped in a temple known under the ceremonial name Eablua, "house of teeming cattle".{{sfn|George|1993|p=64}} According to [[Andrew R. George]] the Edublamaḫ, "house, exalted door socket", which was built in this city by Nāqimum of the [[Manana Dynasty|Mananā Dynasty]] near [[Kish (Sumer)|Kish]] was also dedicated to him.{{sfn|George|1993|p=79}}

[[Akshak]] was seemingly also regarded as a cult center of Sin, as evidenced by references to a ''sanga'' priest of this god residing there, as well as by the theophoric name <sup>d</sup>EN.ZU-LUGAL-''Akšak<sup>ki</sup>'', "Sin in the king of Akshak".{{sfn|Krebernik|1997|p=368}}

In [[Sippar]] Sin is well documented in sources from the Old Babylonian period, appearing there for the first time on a seal from the reign of the local king {{ill|Immerum|de}}, a contemporary of [[Sumu-la-El]] of Babylon.{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|p=373}} He had a temple in this city, Eidimanna, "house, bond of heaven".{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|p=374}} However, no references to his cult occur in documents from later periods, and he is only attested again in this city during the reign of [[Nabonidus]].{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|p=373}} It is not certain if this ruler reintroduced him to the city, or if he only promoted the status of a minor cult which existed there all along but was not referenced directly in available sources.{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|pp=375-376}} Sin continued to be worshiped in Sippar under [[Achaemenid Empire|Persian]] rule as well.{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|p=376}}

In [[Larsa]] Sin was worshiped in a temple shared with [[Ningal]] in the Old Babylonian period, but no references to him occur in sources from this city from later times.{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|p=377}}

Sin and Ningal at some point replaced [[Inanna]] and [[Dumuzi]] as the tutelary deities of Kissig.{{sfn|George|1993|p=33}}

====The Diyala basin====
Sin played an important role in the [[Diyala River|Diyala]] basin, for example in an inscription of [[Dadusha]] of [[Eshnunna]] enumerating the major deities of his kingdom he is listed directly after [[Anu]] and [[Enlil]], which is a position where usually [[Enki]] (Ea) would be expected to appear.{{sfn|Lambert|2013|p=362}} It is possible that he had a temple in the city of Eshnunna itself, which might be mentioned in a year name of [[Ibal-pi-el II]].{{sfn|George|1993|p=138}} [[Tutub]] was recognized as his cult center in this area, and excavations indicate that the temple dedicated to him existed in the [[Jemdet Nasr period|Jemdat Nasr period]] already.{{sfn|Krebernik|1997|p=368}} An ''en'' priestess dedicated to him resided in this city, similarly as in Ur.{{sfn|Krebernik|1997|p=367}} However, the city eventually lost its importance as a cult center of Sin.{{sfn|Hall|1985|p=227}} A further house of worship dedicated to him has been identified during excavations in [[Tell Ishchali]],{{sfn|George|2003|p=260}} most likely the site of ancient Nērebtum.{{sfn|George|2003|p=259}}

Sin is also the most commonly occurring god in personal names known from tablets from the [[Chogha Gavaneh]] site in western [[Iran]], which in the early second millennium BCE was an Akkadian settlement most likely connected to the kingdom of Eshnunna.{{sfn|Abdi|Beckman|2007|p=48}}

====Assyria====
While in Babylonia sanctuaries dedicated to Sin were typically located in cities associated with deities regarded as his relatives, for example his father Enlil in the case of Nippur and his daughter Ishtar in Uruk and Babylon, in [[Assyria]] they occur mostly in settlements which served as this region's capitals at various points in time.{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|p=330}} A double temple dedicated jointly to him and [[Shamash]], the Eḫulḫuldirdirra, "house of surpassing joys", existed in [[Assur]].{{sfn|George|1993|pp=99-100}} It is not clear if this rarely used ceremonial name was influenced by the better attested {{ill|Eḫulḫul|de|Ehulhul}}, referring to the temple in [[Harran]].{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|p=421}} It was rebuilt by [[Ashur-nirari I]], [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]] and [[Ashurnasirpal II]].{{sfn|George|1993|p=100}} A similar joint temple existed in [[Nineveh]], as indicated in documents from the reign of [[Esarhaddon]], though its name is presently unknown.{{sfn|George|1993|p=170}} Since yet another comparable double sanctuary was located in [[Dur-Sharrukin]], it is possible that the topography of temples of Assur was used as a model for other cities which served as capitals at different points in the history of Assyria.{{sfn|Hätinen|2021|p=418}}

In the [[Old Assyrian period]] Sin was among the [[Mesopotamian deities]] most frequently worshiped by the inhabitants of the [[Old Assyrian period|Old Assyrian]] trading colony (''[[Karum (trade post)|karum]]'') in [[Kanesh]].{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=27}}