Editing Redlining (section)

=== Digital redlining ===
{{Main|Digital redlining}}

''Digital redlining'' is a term used to refer to the practice of creating and perpetuating inequities between racial, cultural, and class groups specifically through the use of digital technologies, digital content, and the internet.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gilliard |first=Chris |date=2016-05-24 |website=Common Sense Education |url=https://www.commonsense.org/education/privacy/blog/digital-redlining-access-privacy |title=Digital Redlining, Access, and Privacy |access-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331024731/https://www.commonsense.org/education/privacy/blog/digital-redlining-access-privacy |archive-date=March 31, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Astra |date=2015-05-27 |title=How Companies Turn Your Facebook Activity Into a Credit Score |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/how-companies-turn-your-facebook-activity-credit-score/ |access-date=2019-03-31 |last2=Sadowski |first2=Jathan |work=The Nation |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331024730/https://www.thenation.com/article/how-companies-turn-your-facebook-activity-credit-score/}}</ref> ''Digital redlining'' is an extension of the historical housing discrimination practice of redlining to include an ability to discriminate against vulnerable classes of society using algorithms, connected digital technologies, and big data.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Podesta |first1=John |last2=Pritzker |first2=Penny |last3=Moniz |first3=Earnest J. |last4=Holdren |first4=John |last5=Zients |first5=Jeffery |date=May 2014 |title=Big Data: Seizing Opportunities, Preserving Values |page=46 |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/docs/big_data_privacy_report_may_1_2014.pdf |access-date=March 30, 2019 |website=Whitehouse.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gilliard |first=Chris |date=2017-07-03 |url=https://er.educause.edu/articles/2017/7/pedagogy-and-the-logic-of-platforms |title=Pedagogy and the Logic of Platforms |website=EDUCAUSE Review |access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> This extension of the term tends to include both geographically based and non-geographically based discrimination. For example, in March 2019 the [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development]] (HUD) charged [[Facebook]] with housing discrimination over the company's targeted advertising practices.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.hud.gov/press/press_releases_media_advisories/HUD_No_19_035 |title=HUD Charges Facebook With Housing Discrimination Over Company's Targeted Advertising Practices |date=2019-03-28 |website=www.hud.gov |access-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331013138/https://www.hud.gov/press/press_releases_media_advisories/HUD_No_19_035 |archive-date=2019-03-31 |url-status=dead}}</ref> While these charges included geographically based targeting in the form of a tool that allowed advertisers to draw a red line on a map; they also included non-geographically based methods that did not use maps but rather utilized algorithmic targeting using Facebook's user profile information to directly exclude specific groups of people. A press release from HUD on March 28, 2019, stated that HUD was charging that "Facebook enabled advertisers to exclude people whom Facebook classified as parents; non-American-born; non-Christian; interested in accessibility; interested in Hispanic culture; or a wide variety of other interests that closely align with the [[Civil Rights Act of 1968|Fair Housing Act]]'s protected classes."<ref name=":1"/>