Editing Ramayana (section)

====Indonesia====
[[File:Balinese dance Legong in Ubud, Ramayana performance, 20220823 1916 0471.jpg|thumb|Balinese dance Legong in Ubud, Ramayana]]
[[File:Ramayana Java.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Lakshmana]], Rama and Sita during their exile in [[Dandaka Forest]] depicted in [[Javanese dance]]]]

There are several Indonesian adaptations of Ramayana, including the Javanese ''[[Kakawin Ramayana]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramayana Kakawin Vol. 1 | work=archive.org | url=https://archive.org/details/RamayanaKakawinVol.1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/photographs/record-details/b0274d0f-1162-11e3-83d5-0050568939ad|title=The Kakawin Ramayana – an old Javanese rendering of the …|website=www.nas.gov.sg|access-date=2017-12-13|archive-date=13 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213210217/http://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/photographs/record-details/b0274d0f-1162-11e3-83d5-0050568939ad|url-status=live}}</ref> and Balinese ''Ramakavaca''. The first half of ''[[Kakawin Ramayana]]'' is similar to the original Sanskrit version, while the latter half is very different. One of the recognizable modifications is the inclusion of the indigenous Javanese guardian demigod, [[Semar]], and his sons, Gareng, Petruk, and Bagong who make up the numerically significant four [[Punokawan]] or "clown servants".{{sfn|Coedès|1968}}

''Kakawin Ramayana'' is believed to have been written in [[Central Java]] circa 870 AD during the reign of Mpu Sindok in the [[Mataram Kingdom]].{{sfn|Coedès|1968}} The Javanese ''Kakawin Ramayana'' is not based on Valmiki's epic, which was then the most famous version of Rama's story, but based on ''[[Ravanavadha (Bhattikavya)|Ravanavadha]]'' or the "Ravana massacre," which is the sixth or seventh century poem by Indian poet Bhattikavya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dini-ardianty-fib10.web.unair.ac.id/artikel_detail-139638-Sastra-Perbedaan%20Ramayana%20%20Mahabarata%20dalam%20Kesusastraan%20Jawa%20Kuna%20dan%20India.html|title=Perbedaan Ramayana – Mahabarata dalam Kesusastraan Jawa Kuna dan India|last=Ardianty|first=Dini|date=8 June 2015|language=id|access-date=13 December 2017|archive-date=13 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213202925/http://dini-ardianty-fib10.web.unair.ac.id/artikel_detail-139638-Sastra-Perbedaan%20Ramayana%20%20Mahabarata%20dalam%20Kesusastraan%20Jawa%20Kuna%20dan%20India.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

''[[Kakawin Ramayana]]'' was further developed on the neighboring island of [[Bali]] becoming the Balinese ''Ramakavaca''. The bas-reliefs of ''Ramayana'' and ''Krishnayana'' scenes are carved on balustrades of the 9th century [[Prambanan]] temple in [[Yogyakarta]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://borobudurpark.com/en/temple/prambanan-2/|title=Prambanan – Taman Wisata Candi|website=borobudurpark.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-12-15|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929175956/https://borobudurpark.com/en/temple/prambanan-2//|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as in the 14th century [[Penataran]] temple in [[East Java]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://candi.pnri.go.id/temples_en/deskripsi-east_java-panataran_temple_30|title=Panataran Temple (East Java) – Temples of Indonesia|last=Indonesia|first=Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia / National Library of|website=candi.pnri.go.id|access-date=2017-12-15|archive-date=15 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215163735/http://candi.pnri.go.id/temples_en/deskripsi-east_java-panataran_temple_30|url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Indonesia]], the Ramayana is a deeply ingrained aspect of the culture, especially among [[Javanese people|Javanese]], [[Balinese people|Balinese]] and [[Sundanese people|Sundanese]] people, and has become the source of moral and spiritual guidance as well as aesthetic expression and entertainment, for example in [[wayang]] and traditional dances.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beaman |first=P. L. |year=2017 |title=World Dance Cultures: From Ritual to Spectacle |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1317441069}}</ref>

The [[Balinese dance|Balinese]] ''[[kecak]]'' dance for example, retells the story of the Ramayana, with dancers playing the roles of Rama, Sita, Lakhsmana, Jatayu, Hanuman, Ravana, Kumbhakarna and Indrajit surrounded by a troupe of over 50 bare-chested men who serve as the chorus chanting "cak". The performance also includes a fire show to describe the burning of Lanka by Hanuman.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stepputat |first=K. |year=2021 |title=The Kecak and Cultural Tourism on Bali |publisher=University of Rochester Press |pages=92–101 |isbn=978-1648250316}}</ref> In [[Yogyakarta]], the ''[[Wayang wong|Wayang Wong]]'' [[Javanese dance]] also retells the Ramayana. One example of a dance production of the Ramayana in Java is the [[Ramayana Ballet]] performed on the Trimurti Prambanan open air stage, with dozens of actors and the three main prasad spires of the [[Prambanan]] Hindu temple as a backdrop.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indonesia.travel/uae/en/news-events/news/the-keepers-cnn-introduces-guardians-of-indonesia-s-rich-cultural-traditions|title=THE KEEPERS: CNN Introduces Guardians of Indonesia's Rich Cultural Traditions|website=www.indonesia.travel|access-date=2017-12-13|archive-date=13 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213201642/http://www.indonesia.travel/uae/en/news-events/news/the-keepers-cnn-introduces-guardians-of-indonesia-s-rich-cultural-traditions|url-status=dead}}</ref>