Editing Princeton University (section)

=== Research ===
Princeton is [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|classified]] among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity."<ref>{{cite web|title=Carnegie Classifications {{!}} Institution Lookup|url=https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=186131&start_page=lookup.php&clq=%7B%22ipug2005_ids%22:%22%22,%22ipgrad2005_ids%22:%22%22,%22enrprofile2005_ids%22:%22%22,%22ugprfile2005_ids%22:%22%22,%22sizeset2005_ids%22:%22%22,%22basic2005_ids%22:%22%22,%22eng2005_ids%22:%22%22,%22search_string%22:%22Princeton+University%22,%22level%22:%22%22,%22control%22:%22%22,%22accred%22:%22%22,%22state%22:%22%22,%22region%22:%22%22,%22urbanicity%22:%22%22,%22womens%22:%22%22,%22hbcu%22:%22%22,%22hsi%22:%22%22,%22tribal%22:%22%22,%22msi%22:%22%22,%22landgrant%22:%22%22,%22coplac%22:%22%22,%22urban%22:%22%22,%22community%22:%22%22%7D|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709191449/https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=186131&start_page=lookup.php&clq=%7B%22ipug2005_ids%22:%22%22,%22ipgrad2005_ids%22:%22%22,%22enrprofile2005_ids%22:%22%22,%22ugprfile2005_ids%22:%22%22,%22sizeset2005_ids%22:%22%22,%22basic2005_ids%22:%22%22,%22eng2005_ids%22:%22%22,%22search_string%22:%22Princeton+University%22,%22level%22:%22%22,%22control%22:%22%22,%22accred%22:%22%22,%22state%22:%22%22,%22region%22:%22%22,%22urbanicity%22:%22%22,%22womens%22:%22%22,%22hbcu%22:%22%22,%22hsi%22:%22%22,%22tribal%22:%22%22,%22msi%22:%22%22,%22landgrant%22:%22%22,%22coplac%22:%22%22,%22urban%22:%22%22,%22community%22:%22%22%7D|archive-date=July 9, 2021|access-date=July 6, 2021|website=The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education}}</ref> Based on data for the 2020 fiscal year, the university received approximately US$250 million in sponsored research for its main campus, with 81.4% coming from the government, 12.1% from foundations, 5.5% from industry, and 1.0% from private and other. An additional $120 million in sponsored research was for the Plasma Physics Lab; the main campus and the lab combined totaled to $370 million for sponsored research.<ref>{{Cite report|url=https://research.princeton.edu/sites/research/files/fy2020_orpa_annual_report.pdf|title=Annual Report of the University Research Board (URB) and the Office of Research and Project Administration (ORPA) Fiscal Year 2019–2020|date=2020|publisher=Princeton University|access-date=July 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183812/https://research.princeton.edu/sites/research/files/fy2020_orpa_annual_report.pdf|archive-date=July 9, 2021}}</ref> Based on 2017 data, the university ranked 72nd among 902 institutions for research expenditures.<ref>{{cite web|title=NSF – NCSES Academic Institution Profiles – Princeton University|url=https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/profiles/site?method=view&fice=2627|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711030312/https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/profiles/site?method=view&fice=2627|archive-date=July 11, 2021|access-date=July 6, 2021|website=National Science Foundation}}</ref>

Based on 2018 data, Princeton's [[National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|National Academy]] Membership totaled to 126, ranking 9th in the nation.<ref>{{Cite report|url=https://mup.umass.edu/sites/default/files/mup-2019-top-american-research-universities-annual-report.pdf|title=The Top American Research Universities: 2019 Annual Report|last1=Lombardi|first1=John V.|last2=Abbey|first2=Craig W.|date=2020|publisher=[[Center for Measuring University Performance]]|location=Amherst, Mass.|page=78|isbn=978-0-9856170-9-7|last3=Craig|first3=Diane D.|access-date=July 8, 2021|archive-date=September 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903164811/https://mup.umass.edu/sites/default/files/mup-2019-top-american-research-universities-annual-report.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The university hosts 75 research institutes and centers and two national laboratories.<ref>{{cite web|title=Research Profile|url=https://research.princeton.edu/research-profile|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316001005/https://research.princeton.edu/research-profile|archive-date=March 16, 2021|access-date=July 6, 2021|website=Office of the Dean for Research|publisher=Princeton University}}</ref> Princeton is a member of the [[Space Grant|New Jersey Space Grant Consortium]].<ref>{{cite web|title=NJSGC Affiliates and Partner Organizations|url=https://njsgc.rutgers.edu/affiliates|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202210634/https://njsgc.rutgers.edu/affiliates|archive-date=December 2, 2020|access-date=July 7, 2021|website=New Jersey Space Grant Consortium}}</ref>

==== Library system ====
[[File:Firestone Library Princeton front.jpg|thumb|[[Princeton University Library|Firestone Library]], the largest of Princeton's libraries|alt=A picture of Firestone Library]]The [[Princeton University Library]] system houses over 13 million holdings through 11 buildings,<ref name="Facilities-2021">{{cite web|title=Firestone Library|url=https://facilities.princeton.edu/locations/firestone-library|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628181547/https://facilities.princeton.edu/locations/firestone-library|archive-date=June 28, 2021|access-date=June 21, 2021|website=Facilities|publisher=Princeton University}}</ref> including seven million bound volumes, making it one of the largest university libraries in the United States.<ref name="AmericanLibraryAssociation-2009">{{cite web|date=May 2009|title=The Nation's Largest Libraries: A Listing By Volumes Held – ALA Library Fact Sheet Number 22|url=http://www.ala.org/ala/aboutala/offices/library/libraryfactsheet/alalibraryfactsheet22.cfm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413193236/http://www.ala.org/ala/aboutala/offices/library/libraryfactsheet/alalibraryfactsheet22.cfm|archive-date=April 13, 2009|access-date=August 12, 2009|publisher=[[American Library Association]]}}</ref> Built in 1948, the main campus library is [[Firestone Library]] and serves as the main repository for the humanities and social sciences.<ref name="Facilities-2021" /> Its collections include the autographed manuscript of [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]]'s ''[[The Great Gatsby]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Skemer|first=Don|date=May 24, 2013|title='The Great Gatsby' manuscript and galleys now online through Princeton University Digital Library|url=https://www.princeton.edu/news/2013/05/24/great-gatsby-manuscript-and-galleys-now-online-through-princeton-university-digital|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526143251/https://www.princeton.edu/news/2013/05/24/great-gatsby-manuscript-and-galleys-now-online-through-princeton-university-digital|archive-date=May 26, 2021|access-date=July 7, 2021|publisher=Princeton University|language=en}}</ref> and [[George F. Kennan]]'s [[Long Telegram]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Telegram to Secretary of State, Washington, The Long Telegram, 1946 February 22|url=https://findingaids.princeton.edu/catalog/MC076_c01560|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185140/https://findingaids.princeton.edu/catalog/MC076_c01560|archive-date=July 9, 2021|access-date=July 7, 2021|website=Princeton University Library Finding Aids|publisher=Princeton University}}</ref> In addition to Firestone library, specialized libraries exist for architecture, art and archaeology, East Asian studies, engineering, music, public and international affairs, public policy and university archives, and the sciences.<ref>{{cite web|title=Libraries|url=https://library.princeton.edu/libraries|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704044114/https://library.princeton.edu/libraries|archive-date=July 4, 2021|access-date=July 7, 2021|website=Princeton University Library|publisher=Princeton University}}</ref> The library system provides access to subscription-based electronic resources and databases to students.<ref>{{cite web|title=Databases|url=https://library.princeton.edu/research/databases|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627223023/https://library.princeton.edu/research/databases|archive-date=June 27, 2021|access-date=July 7, 2021|website=Princeton University Library|publisher=Princeton University}}</ref>

====National laboratories====
The [[United States Department of Energy|Department of Energy]]'s [[Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory]] (PPPL) stemmed from [[Project Matterhorn]], a top secret cold war project created in 1951 aimed at achieving controlled [[nuclear fusion]].<ref name="Princeton-Nuclear-2021">{{cite web|title=Project Matterhorn|url=https://nuclearprinceton.princeton.edu/project-matterhorn|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707224836/https://nuclearprinceton.princeton.edu/project-matterhorn|archive-date=July 7, 2021|access-date=July 7, 2021|website=Nuclear Princeton|publisher=Princeton University|language=en}}</ref> Princeton astrophysics professor [[Lyman Spitzer]] became the first director of the project and remained director until the lab's declassification in 1961 when it received its current name.<ref name="Princeton-Nuclear-2021" /> Today, it is an institute for fusion energy research and plasma physics research.<ref>{{cite web|title=About|url=https://www.pppl.gov/about|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625034739/https://www.pppl.gov/about|archive-date=June 25, 2021|access-date=June 21, 2021|website=Princeton Plasma Physics Lab|publisher=Princeton University}}</ref>

Founded in 1955 and located at Princeton's Forrestal Campus since 1968, the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]'s [[Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory]] (GFDL) conducts climate research and modeling.<ref name="GFDL-2021">{{cite web|title=About GFDL|url=https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/about/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706061055/https://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/about/|archive-date=July 6, 2021|access-date=July 6, 2021|website=Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Quiñones|first=Eric|date=September 29, 2005|title=Pioneering meteorologist Smagorinsky dies|url=https://www.princeton.edu/news/2005/09/29/pioneering-meteorologist-smagorinsky-dies|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401094200/https://www.princeton.edu/news/2005/09/29/pioneering-meteorologist-smagorinsky-dies|archive-date=April 1, 2021|access-date=July 7, 2021|publisher=Princeton University}}</ref> Princeton faculty, research scientists, and graduate scientists can participate in research with the lab.<ref name="GFDL-2021" />