Editing Portsmouth (section)

== Religion ==
{{See also|List of places of worship in Portsmouth}}

[[File:Portsmouthcatholiccathedral.jpg|thumb|right|St John the Evangelist, the Roman Catholic cathedral built in 1882, is one of the city's two cathedrals.|alt=A front facing view of Portsmouth's Roman Catholic cathedral, St John the Evangelist. The cathedral itself is made of brick and has a large chancel and nave at the front. Stained windows are also seen above the front door.]]

Portsmouth has two cathedrals: the [[Portsmouth Cathedral|Anglican Cathedral of St Thomas]] in [[Old Portsmouth]] and the Roman Catholic [[Cathedral of St John the Evangelist, Portsmouth|Cathedral of St John the Evangelist]]. The city is one of 34 British settlements with a [[Roman Catholic]] cathedral.<ref name="cathhh"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryMagazine/DestinationsUK/Cathedrals/ |title=List of UK Cathedrals |publisher=Historic UK |access-date=29 March 2015}}</ref> Portsmouth's first chapel, dedicated to [[Thomas Becket]], was built by Jean de{{nbsp}}Gisors in the second half of the 12th century.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.welcometoportsmouth.co.uk/portsmouth%20cathedral.html |title=St Thomas's Portsmouth Cathedral &#124; Old Portsmouth |publisher=Welcometoportsmouth.co.uk |access-date=9 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="chapel2">{{cite web |title=History of Portsmouth Cathedral |url=http://www.portsmouthcathedral.org.uk/history.htm |website=Portsmouth Cathedral |publisher=Portsmouth City Council |access-date=3 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120122728/http://www.portsmouthcathedral.org.uk/history.htm |archive-date=20 January 2015}}</ref> It was rebuilt and developed into a [[parish church]] and an Anglican cathedral.<ref name="chapel2"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.inportsmouth.co.uk/places/ebenezer.htm |title=Portsmouth chapel history |publisher=History.inportsmouth.co.uk |date=10 January 1941 |access-date=8 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711094339/http://www.history.inportsmouth.co.uk/places/ebenezer.htm |archive-date=11 July 2010}}</ref> Damaged during the 1642 [[Siege of Portsmouth]], its tower and [[nave]] were rebuilt after [[Stuart Restoration|the Restoration]].{{sfn|Knowles|2006|p=21}} Significant changes were made when the Diocese of Portsmouth was founded in 1927.{{sfn|Hewitt|2013|p=44}} It became a cathedral in 1932 and was enlarged, although construction was halted during the Second World War. The cathedral was re-consecrated before [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]] in 1991.<ref>{{cite web |title=Portsmouth Cathedral, History and Visiting |url=http://www.britainexpress.com/attractions.htm?attraction=1520 |website=Hampshire Guide |publisher=Britain Express |access-date=3 August 2016}}</ref>

The [[Domus Dei|Royal Garrison Church]] was founded in 1212 by [[Peter des Roches]], [[Bishop of Winchester]]. After centuries of decay, it became an ammunition store in 1540. The 1662 marriage of Charles{{nbsp}}II and [[Catherine of Braganza]] was celebrated in the church, and large receptions were held there after the defeat of [[Napoleon]] at the 1813 [[Battle of Leipzig]]. In 1941, a firebomb fell on its roof and destroyed the nave.<ref name="garr">{{cite web |title=Royal Garrison Church, Portsmouth |url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/royal-garrison-church-portsmouth/history/ |publisher=English Heritage |access-date=3 August 2016}}</ref> Although the church's chancel was saved by servicemen shortly after the raid, replacing the roof was deemed impossible due to the large amounts of salt solution absorbed by the stonework.{{sfn|Hewitt|2013|p=150}}

The Cathedral of St John the Evangelist was built in 1882 to accommodate Portsmouth's increasing Roman Catholic population, and replaced a chapel built in 1796 to the west. Before 1791, Roman Catholic chapels in towns with [[Borough status in the United Kingdom|borough status]] were prohibited. The chapel opened after the [[Roman Catholic Relief Act 1791]] was passed, and was replaced by the cathedral.<ref name="catholic">{{cite web |title=History of St John's Catholic Cathedral |url=http://www.portsmouthcatholiccathedral.org.uk/history.php |publisher=St John's Catholic Cathedral |access-date=3 August 2016}}</ref> It was constructed in phases; the nave was completed in 1882; the [[Crossing (architecture)|crossing]] in 1886, and the [[chancel]] by 1893. During the blitz, the cathedral was badly damaged when Luftwaffe bombing destroyed Bishop's House next door; it was restored in 1970, 1982, and 2001.<ref name="catholic"/> The [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Portsmouth]] was founded in 1882 by [[Pope Leo XIII]].{{efn|Vatican policy in England at the time was to found [[Holy See|sees]] in locations other than those used for Anglican cathedrals.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12296a.htm |title=Diocese of Portsmouth, Catholic Encyclopedia |publisher=Newadvent |access-date=8 March 2011}}</ref>}} Smaller places of worship in the city include St{{nbsp}}Jude's Church in Southsea,<ref>{{cite web |title=St Jude's Church Southsea |url=http://www.stjudes-southsea.org.uk/ |publisher=Diocese of Portsmouth |access-date=29 September 2016}}</ref> [[St Mary's Church, Portsea|St{{nbsp}}Mary's Church]] in Portsea,<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Mary's Church |url=http://www.visitportsmouth.co.uk/things-to-do/saint-marys-church-p45993 |website=Visit Portsmouth |publisher=Portsmouth City Council |access-date=29 September 2016}}</ref> [[St Ann's Church, HMNB Portsmouth|St{{nbsp}}Ann's Chapel]] in the naval base<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of Saint Ann (Building Number 1/65) |url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-474226-church-of-saint-ann-building-number-1-65 |publisher=British Listed Buildings |access-date=29 September 2016}}</ref> and the [[Portsmouth and Southsea Synagogue]], one of Britain's oldest.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Portsmouth and Southsea Hebrew Congregation |url=http://www.jackwhite.net/portsmouth-synagogue/ |publisher=Jack White |access-date=29 September 2016}}</ref> Other places of worship include the Immanuel Baptist Church, Southsea; Trinity Methodist Church, Highland Road; Buckland United Reformed Church; The Oasis Centre Elim Penteostal Church; Jubilee Pentecostal Church, Somers Road; Kings Church Assemblies of God (St Peter's Somers Road); Family Church; Christ Central Church, John Pounds Centre; The Jami Mosque, Bradford Junction; The Sikh Gurudwara, Margate Road.