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===First Parliamentary Era=== ====1972β1975: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman==== [[File:Mujib and Ford.jpg|thumb|250px|The Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Mujibur Rahman with U.S. President [[Gerald Ford]] in 1974]] On 8 January 1972, the leader of the Liberation War and Liberation movement Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was released from Pakistan Jail and was sent to London. On Mujib's arrival in London, he was met by the Prime Minister of UK and other world leaders. Sheikh Mujib returned to Bangladesh on 10 January 1972, by a British Royal Air Force Aircraft. Mujib congratulated the Bengali Mukti Bahini (the Bangladesh Liberation Force) for succeeding in the war of liberation against Pakistan army. Mujib was placed at the helm of government, according to the election victory under the unified Pakistan government. In 1973, after the first Bangladesh elections, he continued his term in office with immense backing from India, and public popularity, but had great difficulty transforming this popular support into the political strength needed to function as head of government. The new constitution, which came into force on 16 December 1972, created a strong executive prime minister, a largely ceremonial presidency, an independent judiciary, and a unicameral legislature on a modified Westminster model. The 1972 constitution adopted as state policy the [[Awami League]]'s (AL) four basic principles of [[nationalism]], [[secularism]], [[socialism]], and [[democracy]]. A key author of the constitution of Bangladesh was Dr [[Kamal Hossain]], who has since been a major political figure of the country. The first parliamentary elections held under the 1972 constitution were in March 1973, with the Awami League winning a massive majority, winning a historic 293 out of a total of 300 seats. No other political party in Bangladesh's early years was able to duplicate or challenge the League's broad-based appeal, membership, or organizational strength. Mujib and his cabinet having no experience in governance nor administration, relied heavily on experienced civil servants and political factions of the Awami League, the new Bangladesh Government focused on relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction of the economy and society. Mujib nationalised the entire economy, banking and industrial sector. Economic conditions took a serious downturn. On top of that heavy corruption among his own party members, factions and senior leadership also added to the devastation and famine. The then U.S. Secretary of State had termed Bangladesh a [[Bottomless Basket]]. Amid mass corruption and famine throughout [[Bangladesh famine of 1974|1974]], in December 1974, Mujib decided that continuing economic deterioration and mounting [[civil disorder]] required strong measures. After proclaiming a state of emergency, Mujib used his parliamentary majority to win a constitutional amendment limiting the powers of the legislative and judicial branches, establishing an executive presidency, and instituting a one-party system, the [[Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League]] (BAKSAL), which all members of Parliament were obliged to join. Despite promises, no sign of improvement in the economic situation surfaced. Implementation of promised political reforms was almost nil, and criticism of government policies became increasingly centered on Mujib. Serious disorientation in the armed services, disenchantment in society, deterioration of law and order created a huge mistrust of Mujib and his government including the Awami League itself. The then chief of army staff [[K M Shafiullah]] and chief of air staff [[A.K. Khandker]] stood stunned and idle during this situation. On 15 August 1975, Mujib, and most of his family, were [[Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|assassinated]] by a small group of mid-level army officers. Mujib's daughters, [[Sheikh Hasina]] and Sheikh Rehana, happened to be out of the country. A new government, headed by former Mujib associate [[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]], was formed.
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