Editing Physics (section)

====Condensed matter====
{{Main|Condensed matter physics}}
[[File:Bose Einstein condensate.png|right|thumb|upright=1.25|Velocity-distribution data of a gas of [[rubidium]] atoms, confirming the discovery of a new phase of matter, the [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]]]

Condensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic physical properties of matter.<ref name="taylorheinonen2002">{{harvnb|Taylor|Heinonen|2002}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Girvin|first1=Steven M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ESIDwAAQBAJ|title=Modern Condensed Matter Physics|last2=Yang|first2=Kun|date=28 February 2019|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-57347-4|language=en|access-date=23 August 2020|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225152053/https://books.google.com/books?id=2ESIDwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> In particular, it is concerned with the "condensed" [[phase (matter)|phases]] that appear whenever the number of particles in a system is extremely large and the interactions between them are strong.<ref name=cohen2008>{{harvnb|Cohen|2008}}</ref>

The most familiar examples of condensed phases are [[Solid-state physics|solids]] and liquids, which arise from the bonding by way of the [[electromagnetic force]] between atoms.<ref name="moore2011">{{harvnb |Moore|2011|pp=255–258}}</ref> More exotic condensed phases include the [[superfluid]]<ref name="leggett1999">{{harvnb |Leggett|1999}}</ref> and the [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]<ref name="levy2001">{{harvnb |Levy|2001}}</ref> found in certain atomic systems at very low temperature, the [[superconductivity|superconducting]] phase exhibited by [[conduction electron]]s in certain materials,<ref name=stajiccoontzosborne2011>{{harvnb |Stajic|Coontz|Osborne|2011}}</ref> and the [[ferromagnet]]ic and [[antiferromagnet]]ic phases of [[Spin (physics)|spins]] on [[crystal lattice|atomic lattices]].<ref name="mattis2006">{{harvnb|Mattis|2006}}</ref>

Condensed matter physics is the largest field of contemporary physics. Historically, condensed matter physics grew out of solid-state physics, which is now considered one of its main subfields.<ref name="aps-dcmp">{{cite web |url=http://www.aps.org/units/dcmp/history.cfm |title=History of Condensed Matter Physics |publisher=[[American Physical Society]] |access-date=31 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912081611/http://www.aps.org/units/dcmp/history.cfm |archive-date=12 September 2011 }}</ref> The term ''condensed matter physics'' was apparently coined by [[Philip Warren Anderson|Philip Anderson]] when he renamed his research group—previously ''solid-state theory''—in 1967.<ref name="princeton-anderson">{{cite web |title=Philip Anderson |url=http://www.princeton.edu/physics/people/display_person.xml?netid=pwa&display=faculty |publisher=Princeton University, Department of Physics |access-date=15 October 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008123438/http://www.princeton.edu/physics/people/display_person.xml?netid=pwa&display=faculty |archive-date=8 October 2011 }}</ref> In 1978, the Division of Solid State Physics of the [[American Physical Society]] was renamed as the Division of Condensed Matter Physics.<ref name="aps-dcmp" /> Condensed matter physics has a large overlap with chemistry, [[materials science]], [[nanotechnology]] and engineering.<ref name="cohen2008" />