Editing Pakistan (section)

== Economy ==
{{Main|Economy of Pakistan|Economic history of Pakistan}}
{{See also|Pakistan and the International Monetary Fund}}
{| class="floatright" style="font-size: 90%; border: 1px solid #999; float: right; margin-left: 1em; width:325px"
|- style="background:#f5f5f5"
! colspan="3" | Economic indicators
|-
| [[gross domestic product|GDP]] ([[Purchasing Power Parity|PPP]]) || $1.254&nbsp;trillion <small>(2019)</small> || style="text-align:right;"|<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2020/October/weo-report?c=564,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,PPPEX,PCPI,&sy=2018&ey=2025&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=17 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
| [[gross domestic product|GDP]] (nominal) || $284.2&nbsp;billion <small>(2019)</small> || style="text-align:right;"|<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD |website=www.imf.org}}</ref>
|-
| Real GDP growth || 3.29% <small>(2019)</small> || style="text-align:right;"|<ref>{{cite web |title=PTI achieves lowest GDP rate of 3.29pc since 2010–11 |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/469254-pti-achieves-lowest-gdp-rate-of-3-29pc-since-2010-11 |website=www.thenews.com.pk}}</ref>
|-
| [[Consumer price index|CPI]] inflation || 10.3% <small>(2019)</small> || style="text-align:right;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//price_statistics/monthly_price_indices/2019/Monthly%20Review%20July%2C%20%202019.pdf|title=Price statistics – Monthly_price}}</ref>
|-
| [[Unemployment in Pakistan|Unemployment]] || 5.7% <small>(2018)</small>|| style="text-align:right;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=PAKISTAN EMPLOYMENT TRENDS 2018 |url=http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//Pakistan%20Employment%20Trend%20%20Reprt%202018%20Final.pdf |website=www.pbs.gov.pk |access-date=11 November 2019 |archive-date=23 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223130331/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//Pakistan%20Employment%20Trend%20%20Reprt%202018%20Final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| Labor force participation rate || 48.9% <small>(2018)</small> ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate) – Pakistan {{!}} Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.NE.ZS?locations=PK&name_desc=true |website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref>
|-
| [[National debt of Pakistan|Total public debt]] || $106&nbsp;billion <small>(2019)</small> || style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| [[National wealth]] || $465&nbsp;billion <small>(2019)</small> || style="text-align:right;" |<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.credit-suisse.com/media/assets/corporate/docs/about-us/research/publications/global-wealth-databook-2019.pdf |access-date=11 November 2019 |title=Global wealth databook 2019 |publisher=Credit Suisse Research Institute |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023104250/https://www.credit-suisse.com/media/assets/corporate/docs/about-us/research/publications/global-wealth-databook-2019.pdf |archive-date=23 October 2019 |url-status=dead |date=October 2019}}</ref>
|}

Pakistan's economy [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|ranks 24th]] globally by [[purchasing power parity]] (PPP) and [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|43rd by nominal GDP]]. Historically, Pakistan was part of the wealthiest [[Indian subcontinent|region]] in the first millennium CE, but lost ground to regions like China and Western Europe by the 18th century.<ref>{{cite book |last=Maddison |first=Angus |title=The World Economy. A Millennial Perspective (Vol. 1). Historical Statistics (Vol. 2) |publisher=OECD |year=2006 |pages=241,&nbsp;261 |isbn=978-92-64-02261-4 }}</ref> Pakistan is a [[developing country]],<ref>{{cite web |author=Faryal Leghari |url=http://www.grc.ae/?frm_module=contents&frm_action=detail_book&sec=Contents&override=Articles%20%3E%20GCC%20Investments%20in%20Pakistan%20and%20Future%20Trends&book_id=25458&op_lang=en |title=GCC investments in Pakistan and future trends |publisher=Gulf Research Center |date=3 January 2007 |access-date=12 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111131042/http://www.grc.ae/?frm_module=contents&frm_action=detail_book&sec=Contents&override=Articles%20%3E%20GCC%20Investments%20in%20Pakistan%20and%20Future%20Trends&book_id=25458&op_lang=en |archive-date=11 January 2012 |url-status=dead }}<br />- {{cite book |title=Contextualizing Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies and Developing Countries |date=2017 |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |isbn=978-1-78536-753-3 |page=133 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j3pHDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA133}}</ref> and part of the [[Next Eleven]], poised to become one of the world's largest economies in the 21st century, alongside the [[BRIC (economics term)|BRIC]] countries.<ref>{{cite news |author=Tavia Grant |title=On 10th birthday, BRICs poised for more growth |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/economy/economy-lab/daily-mix/on-10th-birthday-brics-poised-for-more-growth/article2264208/|access-date=4 January 2012 |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |date=8 December 2011 |location=Toronto}}</ref>

In recent years, Pakistan has faced social instability and [[macroeconomic]] imbalances, with deficiencies in services like [[Pakistan Railways|rail transportation]] and [[Electricity sector in Pakistan|electrical energy]] generation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pakistan, Rusting in Its Tracks |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/19/world/asia/pakistans-railroads-sum-up-nations-woes.html|access-date=19 May 2013 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=18 May 2013 |author=Declan Walsh |quote=natural disasters and entrenched insurgencies, abject poverty and feudal kleptocrats, and an economy near meltdown}}</ref> The semi-industrialized economy has growth centers along the Indus River.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Henneberry |first=S. |title=An analysis of industrial–agricultural interactions: A case study in Pakistan |url=http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/175305/files/agec2000v022i001a002.pdf |journal=Agricultural Economics |volume=22 |pages=17–27 |year=2000 |doi=10.1016/S0169-5150(99)00041-9|doi-broken-date=24 December 2024 | issn = 0169-5150}}</ref><ref name="siteresources.worldbank.org">{{cite web |title=World Bank Document |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/PAKISTANEXTN/Resources/293051-1241610364594/6097548-1257441952102/balochistaneconomicreportvol2.pdf |page=14 |year=2008 |access-date=2 January 2010}}</ref><ref name="raid">{{cite web |url=http://www.rad-aid.org/UploadedFiles/RAD-AID%20Pakistan%20Health%20Care%20Radiology%20Report%202011.pdf |title=Pakistan Country Report |website=RAD-AID |year=2010 |pages=3, 7|access-date=26 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112021042/http://www.rad-aid.org/UploadedFiles/RAD-AID%20Pakistan%20Health%20Care%20Radiology%20Report%202011.pdf |archive-date=12 January 2012}}</ref> The diversified economies of [[Economy of Karachi|Karachi]] and [[Economy of Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab's urban centers]] coexist with less-developed areas in other parts of the country, particularly in Balochistan.<ref name="siteresources.worldbank.org" /> Pakistan ranks as the 67th-largest export economy and the 106th-most complex economy globally, with a negative trade balance of US$23.96 billion in fiscal year 2015–16.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan |url=http://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/pak/ |website=atlas.media.mit.edu |access-date=4 March 2017 |archive-date=18 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318001324/http://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/pak/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hamza |first1=Abrar |title=Pakistan's trade deficit widens to 35-year high in FY16 |url=http://dailytimes.com.pk/business/16-Jul-16/pakistans-trade-deficit-widens-to-35-year-high-in-fy16|access-date=14 February 2017 |work=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]|location=Pakistan |date=16 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717140936/https://dailytimes.com.pk/business/16-Jul-16/pakistans-trade-deficit-widens-to-35-year-high-in-fy16 |archive-date=17 July 2016}}</ref>

[[File:Islamabad Stock Exchange Bull.JPG|left|thumb|Statue of a bull outside the [[Pakistan Stock Exchange]], Islamabad, Pakistan]]

{{as of|2022}}, Pakistan's estimated [[nominal GDP]] is US$376.493&nbsp;billion.<ref name="imf.org">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October/weo-report?c=564,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,PCPIEPCH,&sy=2020&ey=2022&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 | title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects }}</ref> The GDP by [[Purchasing power parity|PPP]] is US$1.512&nbsp;trillion. The estimated nominal per capita GDP is US$1,658, the [[GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP)/capita]] is US$6,662 ([[international dollar]]s),<ref name="imf2" /> According to the [[World Bank]], Pakistan has important strategic endowments and development potential. The increasing proportion of Pakistan's youth provides the country with both a potential demographic dividend and a challenge to provide adequate services and employment.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pakistan/overview |title=Pakistan Overview |website=worldbank.org}}</ref> 21.04% of the population live below the international poverty line of US$1.25 a day. The unemployment rate among the aged 15 and over population is 5.5%.<ref>{{cite web |title=Human Development Indices |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDI_2008_EN_Tables.pdf |publisher=United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Reports |page=15 |access-date=6 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219191319/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDI_2008_EN_Tables.pdf |archive-date=19 December 2008}}</ref> Pakistan has an estimated 40&nbsp;million middle class citizens, projected to increase to 100&nbsp;million by 2050.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/danielrunde/2016/02/29/us-higher-education-partnership-development-pakistan/#11d078c1d7dd |title=How U.S. Higher Education Partnerships Can Promote Development In Pakistan |website=Forbes|access-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> A 2015 report published by the World Bank ranked Pakistan's economy at 24th-largest<ref>{{cite web |title=Gross domestic product 2015, PPP |url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GDP_PPP.pdf |publisher=[[World Bank]]|access-date=14 February 2017}}</ref> in the world by purchasing power and 41st-largest<ref>{{cite web |title=Gross domestic product 2015 |url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GDP.pdf |publisher=[[World Bank]]|access-date=14 February 2017}}</ref> in absolute terms. It is South Asia's second-largest economy, representing about 15.0% of regional GDP.<ref>{{cite web |title=Recent developments |url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTDECPROSPECTS/EXTGBLPROSPECTSAPRIL/0,,contentMDK:20394787~menuPK:659178~pagePK:2470434~piPK:4977459~theSitePK:659149,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120030342/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTDECPROSPECTS/EXTGBLPROSPECTSAPRIL/0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A20394787~menuPK%3A659178~pagePK%3A2470434~piPK%3A4977459~theSitePK%3A659149%2C00.html |archive-date=20 January 2012 |publisher=World Bank |date=June 2011 |access-date=30 December 2011 |url-status=dead}}<br />- {{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aJxFBbyVC_hs |title=Pakistan May Keep Key Rate Unchanged After Two Cuts This Year |publisher=Bloomberg |date=28 September 2009|access-date=2 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202102429/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aJxFBbyVC_hs |archive-date=2 December 2010}}</ref>

Pakistan's economic growth varied over time, with slow progress during democratic transitions but robust expansion under [[Military coups in Pakistan|martial law]], lacking sustainable foundations.{{sfn|Chowdhury|Mahmud|2008}} [[Economic liberalisation in Pakistan|Rapid reforms]] in the early to mid-2000s, including increased development spending, reduced poverty by 10% and boosted GDP by 3%.<ref name="ciafactbook">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/ |title=Pakistan |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] |website=[[World Factbook]]|access-date=13 February 2008}}</ref><ref name="JohnWall2006">{{cite web |url=http://www.worldbank.org.pk/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/PAKISTANEXTN/0,,contentMDK:20918063~menuPK:293074~pagePK:2865066~piPK:2865079~theSitePK:293052,00.html |title=Concluding Remarks at the Pakistan Development Forum 2006 |author=John Wall |publisher=World Bank |access-date=30 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311081830/http://www.worldbank.org.pk/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/PAKISTANEXTN/0,,contentMDK:20918063~menuPK:293074~pagePK:2865066~piPK:2865079~theSitePK:293052,00.html |archive-date=11 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The economy cooled post-2007,<ref name="ciafactbook" /> with inflation peaking at 25.0% in 2008,<ref>{{cite news |author=Sajid Chaudhry |title=Inflation Outlook 2008–09 |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009\01\17\story_17-1-2009_pg5_2|access-date=30 December 2011 |newspaper=Daily Times |date=17 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111205343/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009%5C01%5C17%5Cstory_17-1-2009_pg5_2 |archive-date=11 January 2012}}</ref> necessitating [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] intervention to prevent bankruptcy.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financetopics/financialcrisis/3147266/Pakistan-facing-bankruptcy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007093145/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financetopics/financialcrisis/3147266/Pakistan-facing-bankruptcy.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 October 2008 |title=Pakistan facing bankruptcy—Telegraph|access-date=6 October 2008 |author=Isambard Wilkinson |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=6 October 2008}}</ref> The [[Asian Development Bank]] later noted easing economic strain in Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://aaj.tv/2009/09/pakistans-economic-crisis-eases-in-2009-adb/ |title=Pakistan's economic crisis eases in 2009: ADB |work=AAJ News |agency=[[Associated Press of Pakistan]] |date=22 September 2009 |access-date=27 February 2017 |archive-date=22 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022193451/http://aaj.tv/2009/09/pakistans-economic-crisis-eases-in-2009-adb/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Inflation for fiscal year {{nowrap|2010–11}} stood at 14.1%.<ref>{{cite web |title=Labour Force Survey 2010–11 |url=http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/Labour%20Force/publications/lfs2010_11/results.pdf |publisher=Federal Bureau of Statistics, Pakistan |year=2011 |page=12 |access-date=2 July 2012 |archive-date=25 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425011532/http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/Labour%20Force/publications/lfs2010_11/results.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since 2013, Pakistan's economy has seen growth under an IMF program. [[Goldman Sachs]] predicted Pakistan's economy could grow 15 times by 2050,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/660936/global-ranking-pakistan-billed-to-become-18th-largest-economy-by-2050/ |title=Global ranking: Pakistan billed to become 18th largest economy by 2050 – The Express Tribune |website=The Express Tribune|access-date=4 March 2016|date=20 January 2014 }}</ref> and [[Ruchir Sharma]] in his 2016 book anticipated a transformation to a middle-income country by 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://tns.thenews.com.pk/pakistans-economy-ready-takeoff/#.V9_EsZN95Z3 |title=Pakistan's economy ready for takeoff |work=[[The News International|The News on Sunday]] |access-date=7 November 2016|date=18 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806060828/http://tns.thenews.com.pk/pakistans-economy-ready-takeoff/#.V9_EsZN95Z3|archive-date=6 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Pakistan's vast natural commodity production and 10th-largest [[Labour in Pakistan|labour market]], along with a US$19.9&nbsp;billion contribution from its 7-million-strong [[Pakistani diaspora|diaspora]] in 2015–16,<ref name="remit">{{cite news |last1=Iqbal |first1=Shahid |title=$20 billion remittances received in FY16 |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1271081|access-date=20 February 2017 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |date=16 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="overseaspakistanis1">{{cite web |url=http://www.overseaspakistanis.net/category/op-news/page/2/ |title=OP News Discussions Archives |publisher=Overseaspakistanis.net |access-date=15 October 2013 |archive-date=11 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211070343/https://www.overseaspakistanis.net/category/op-news/page/2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sbp.org.pk/ecodata/Homeremit.pdf |title=Pakistan &#124; State Bank of Pakistan |publisher=sbp.org|access-date=15 July 2011}}</ref> position it significantly. However, Pakistan's global export share is declining, accounting for just 0.13% in 2007 according to the [[World Trade Organization]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Yasir kamal |title=Understanding Pakistan's Exports Flows: Results from Gravity Model Estimation |url=http://www.pitad.org.pk/indexP.php?type=completed-studies |publisher=Pakistan Institute of Trade and Development|access-date=30 December 2011}}</ref>

=== Agriculture and mining sector ===
{{Main|Agriculture in Pakistan|Fuel extraction in Pakistan|Mining in Pakistan}}
[[File:Pakistan Chrome Mines20120126 16100237 0003.jpg|thumb|left|[[Surface mining]] in [[Sindh]]. Pakistan has been termed the 'Saudi Arabia of Coal' by ''[[Forbes]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=US needs to look at Pakistan in a broader way, not just through security prism: Forbes report |website=[[Pakistan Today]] |url=http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2016/03/04/city/islamabad/us-needs-to-look-at-pakistan-in-a-broader-way-not-just-through-security-prism-forbes-report/ |access-date=16 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100811/http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2016/03/04/city/islamabad/us-needs-to-look-at-pakistan-in-a-broader-way-not-just-through-security-prism-forbes-report/}}</ref>]]

The Pakistani economy has shifted from [[Agriculture in Pakistan|agriculture]] to services, with agriculture contributing only 20.9% of the GDP as of 2015.<ref name="DSEC">{{cite web |title=Pakistan Economic Survey 2014–15 |url=http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_15/Highlights.pdf |publisher=Ministry of Finance |access-date=4 April 2017 |archive-date=17 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517015406/http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_15/Highlights.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Despite this, Pakistan's wheat production in 2005 surpassed Africa's and nearly matched South America's, highlighting its agricultural significance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sbp.org.pk/departments/stats/PakEconomy_HandBook/Chap-1.2.pdf |title=Sectoral Share in Gross Domestic Product |year=2010 |publisher=Federal Bureau of Statistics |page=10|access-date=30 December 2011}}</ref> The sector employs 43.5% of the labor force and is a major source of foreign exchange.<ref name="DSEC" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/agriculture-statistics |title=Agriculture Statistics {{!}} Pakistan Bureau of Statistics|website=www.pbs.gov.pk|access-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>

Manufactured exports, heavily reliant on agricultural raw materials like cotton and hides, face inflationary pressures due to supply shortages and market disruptions. Pakistan ranks fifth in cotton production, self-sufficient in sugarcane, and the fourth-largest milk producer globally. Though land and water resources haven't increased proportionately, productivity gains, especially from the [[Green Revolution]] in the late 1960s and 1970s, significantly boosted wheat and rice yields. Private tube wells and High Yielding Varieties (HYVs) further augmented crop yields.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ishrathusain.iba.edu.pk/speeches/New/AgricultureSector_Issues_n_Prospects.docx |title=AGRICULTURE SECTOR: ISSUES AND PROSPECTS|access-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Meat industry accounts for 1.4 percent of overall GDP.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapter_10/03_Manufacturing.pdf |title=Manufacturing in Pakistan |publisher=Government of Pakistan |access-date=4 March 2016 |archive-date=19 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419064503/http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapter_10/03_Manufacturing.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Industry ===
{{Main|Industry of Pakistan}}
{{See also|Textile industry in Pakistan}}
[[File:Tv Assembly Line 1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Television assembly factory in [[Lahore]]. Pakistan's industrial sector accounts for about 20% of the GDP, and is dominated by [[small and medium-sized enterprises]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/industry |title=Industry |publisher= Pakistan Bureau of Statistics|website=www.pbs.gov.pk|access-date=23 October 2016}}</ref>]]

Industry, constituting 19.74% of GDP and 24% of total employment, is the second-largest sector. Large-scale manufacturing (LSM) dominates, representing 12.2% of GDP, with cement production thriving due to demand from Afghanistan and the domestic real estate sector.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apcma.com/data_export.html |title=All Pakistan Cement Manufacturers Association Export Data |website=apcma.com |access-date=15 October 2013 |archive-date=3 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203231542/http://www.apcma.com/data_export.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2013, Pakistan exported 7,708,557 metric tons of cement, with an installed capacity of 44,768,250 metric tons.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bhutta |first=Zafar |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/552042/cant-get-enough-soaring-profits-not-enough-for-cement-industry/ |title=Can't get enough: Soaring profits not enough for cement industry |work=The Express Tribune |date=21 May 2013|access-date=15 October 2013}}</ref> The [[Textile industry in Pakistan|textile industry]], a key player in Pakistan's manufacturing, contributes 9.5% to GDP and employs around 15 million people. As of 2022, Pakistan ranks seventh globally in cotton production,<ref>{{cite web |title=Countries by commodity |url=https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#rankings/countries_by_commodity |website=fao.org |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] |access-date=8 April 2025}}</ref> with substantial spinning capacity, making it a major exporter of textile products in Asia.<ref>{{cite web |title=World Trade Statistics 2023 |url=https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/statistics2023_e.htm |publisher=[[World Trade Organization]] |access-date=8 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref> China has been a significant buyer of Pakistani textiles, importing US$1.527 billion worth of textiles in 2012.<ref>{{cite news |last=Baig |first=Khurram |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/522293/anatomy-of-an-indispensable-sector-why-the-pakistan-textile-industry-cannot-die/ |title=Why the Pakistan textile industry cannot die |work=[[The Express Tribune]] |date=18 March 2013|access-date=15 October 2013}}</ref>

=== Services ===
{{main|Real estate in Pakistan|Information technology in Pakistan|Banking in Pakistan}}
[[File:KHIURBANSKYLINE.jpg|thumb|Rising skyline of [[Karachi]], with several under construction skyscrapers|upright=1.3]]

As of 2014–15, the services sector contributes 58.8% to GDP,<ref name="DSEC" /> serving as the main driver of economic growth in Pakistan,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/483436/the-unparalleled-growth-of-the-services-sector/ |title=The unparalleled growth of the services sector |work=[[Express Tribune]]|access-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> with a consumption-oriented society. The sector's growth rate surpasses that of agriculture and industry, accounting for 54% of GDP and over one-third of total employment. It has strong linkages with other sectors, providing essential inputs to agriculture and manufacturing.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/Working%20Paper/WorkingPaper-79.pdf |title=Contribution of Services Sector in the Economy of Pakistan |access-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Pakistan's IT sector is one of the fastest-growing, ranked 110th for ICT development by the [[World Economic Forum]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Pakistan most affordable country in world for telecom, ICT services: WEF |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1219605/pakistan-affordable-country-world-telecom-ict-services-wef/|access-date=5 March 2017 |work=[[Express Tribune]] |date=4 November 2016}}</ref> With around 82 million internet users as of May 2020, Pakistan [[List of countries by number of Internet users|ranks]] among top ten globally,<ref name="PTD">{{cite web |url=https://www.pta.gov.pk/en/telecom-indicators|title=Telecom Indicators |website=PTA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803183309/https://www.pta.gov.pk/en/telecom-indicators |archive-date=3 August 2020}}</ref> and its ICT industry is projected to exceed $10 billion by 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/738036/upward-move-pakistans-ict-sector-to-cross-10b-mark-says-psha/ |title=Upward move: Pakistan's ICT sector to cross $10b mark, says P@SHA |website=The Express Tribune |access-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> With 12,000 employees, Pakistan is among the top five freelancing nations,<ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan: The Next Colombia Success Story? |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/danielrunde/2015/08/03/pakistan-the-next-colombia-success-story/#2720446a3b60 |access-date=4 March 2016 |website=Forbes}}</ref> and its export performance in telecom, computer, and information services has notably improved.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bhatti |first=Muhammad Umer Saleem |date=22 June 2015 |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1189624 |title=Services sector: domestic and outward growth |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |access-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>

=== Tourism ===
{{main|Tourism in Pakistan}}

[[File:Shangrila, Lower Kachura Lake.jpg|thumb|right|[[Shangrila Lake]] and adjoining resort in [[Skardu]], [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]]]

With its diverse cultures, landscapes, and attractions, Pakistan drew around 6.6 million foreign tourists in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |last=Junaidi |first=Ikram |title=Tourist traffic witnesses sharp increase in five years |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1508132 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |date=30 September 2019}}</ref> However, this was a decline from the peak of tourism in the 1970s driven by the popular [[Hippie trail]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Richard Gregory |website=www.richardgregory.org.uk |url=http://www.richardgregory.org.uk/history/hippie-trail.htm |access-date=17 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728045152/https://www.richardgregory.org.uk/history/hippie-trail.htm |archive-date=28 July 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Pakistan boasts attractions from [[Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves|mangroves]] in the south to Himalayan [[List of hill stations of Pakistan|hill stations]] in the northeast, including ancient Buddhist ruins of [[Takht-i-Bahi]] and [[Taxila]], the 5,000-year-old [[Indus Valley civilization]] sites such as [[Mohenjo-daro]] and [[Harappa]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/76d57272-6764-11de-925f-00144feabdc0.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/76d57272-6764-11de-925f-00144feabdc0.html |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |title=The road between China and Pakistan |website=[[Financial Times]] |date=4 July 2009|access-date=27 September 2010}}</ref> and numerous [[List of mountains in Pakistan|mountain peaks]] over {{convert|7,000|m|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=5 Pakistani peaks that are among world's highest |url=http://nation.com.pk/entertainment/11-Dec-2015/5-pakistani-peaks-that-are-among-world-s-highest|access-date=9 January 2017 |magazine=[[The Nation (Pakistan)|The Nation]] |date=11 December 2015 |quote=Pakistan is home to 108 peaks above 7,000 metres and probably as many peaks above 6,000&nbsp;m.}}</ref> The northern part of Pakistan boasts numerous old fortresses, showcasing ancient architecture. It encompasses the [[Hunza Valley|Hunza]] and [[Chitral valley]]s, where the small pre-Islamic [[Kalash people|Kalasha]] community resides, claiming descent from Alexander the Great.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/28439107.html|title=Pakistan's Forgotten Pagans Get Their Due|last=Bezhan|first=Frud|date=19 April 2017|website=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]|access-date=11 July 2017|quote=About half of the Kalash practice a form of ancient Hinduism infused with old pagan and animist beliefs.}}</ref> Lahore, Pakistan's cultural capital, showcases numerous examples of [[Mughal architecture]], including the [[Badshahi Masjid]], the [[Shalimar Gardens (Lahore)|Shalimar Gardens]], the [[Tomb of Jahangir]], and the [[Lahore Fort]]. Following the [[2005 Kashmir earthquake]], ''[[The Guardian]]'' highlighted "The top five tourist sites in Pakistan" to boost tourism, featuring destinations like [[Taxila]], [[Lahore]], the [[Karakoram Highway]], [[Karimabad (Hunza)|Karimabad]], and [[Lake Saiful Muluk]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2006/oct/17/pakistan?page=all |work=The Guardian |location=London |title=Out of the rubble |first=Antonia |last=Windsor |date=17 October 2006|access-date=25 May 2010}}</ref> Festivals and government initiatives aim to promote Pakistan's cultural heritage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tourism.gov.pk/fairs_festivals.html |title=Tourism Events in Pakistan in 2010 |publisher=tourism.gov.pk |access-date=27 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209103944/http://www.tourism.gov.pk/fairs_festivals.html |archive-date=9 February 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2015, the [[World Economic Forum]] ranked Pakistan 125th out of 141 countries in its Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2015 |url=http://www3.weforum.org/docs/TT15/WEF_Global_Travel&Tourism_Report_2015.pdf |publisher=[[World Economic Forum]]|access-date=24 February 2017}}</ref>