Editing Neoclassicism (section)

===Postmodernism===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="170">
File:060807-002-GettyVilla001.jpg|[[J. Paul Getty Museum]], Malibu, California, US, by the partnership of Langdon and Wilson with [[Edward Genter]] as the project architect and archaeological advice from Dr [[Norman Neuerberg]], 1970-1975<ref>{{cite book|last1=Watkin|first1=David|title=A History of Western Architecture|date=2022|publisher=Laurence King|isbn=978-1-52942-030-2|pages=663, 664|url=|language=en}}</ref>
File:Les Arcades du Lac interior courtyard.jpg|Interior courtyard of [[Les Arcades du Lac]], Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France, by [[Ricardo Bofill]], 1975-1981<ref>{{cite book|last1=Watkin|first1=David|title=A History of Western Architecture|date=2022|publisher=Laurence King|isbn=978-1-52942-030-2|page=663|url=|language=en}}</ref>
File:PiazzaDItalia1990.jpg|[[Piazza d'Italia (New Orleans)]], US, by [[Charles Moore (architect)|Charles Moore]], 1978
File:Robert venturi e denise scott brown per knoll international inc., sedia sheraton (mod. 664), 1979-83 (1984-90).jpg|Sheraton chair with applied decoration; by [[Robert Venturi]] for [[Knoll, Inc.|Knoll]]; 1978–1984, bent laminated wood; unknown dimensions; [[Milwaukee Art Museum]], Milwaukee, USA<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gura|first1=Judith|title=Postmodern Design Complete|date=2017|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0-500-51914-1|page=53|url=|language=en}}</ref>
File:Bucureşti June 1996 (3402685900).jpg|Apartment buildings on [[Bulevardul Unirii]], Bucharest, Romania, unknown architects, 1980s
File:Robert venturi per paul downs cabinetmakers, comodino louis xvi, 1984.jpg|Louis XVI, lowboy; by Robert Venturi for Arc International; {{circa}}1985; laminated wood; unknown dimensions; [[Indianapolis Museum of Art]], Indianapolis, USA<ref name="Postmodern Design Complete">{{cite book|last1=Gura|first1=Judith|title=Postmodern Design Complete|date=2017|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0-500-51914-1|page=121|url=|language=en}}</ref>
File:National Gallery London Sainsbury Wing 2006-04-17.jpg|[[Sainsbury Wing]], National Gallery, London, by [[Robert Venturi]], 1987-1991<ref>{{cite book|last1=Watkin|first1=David|title=A History of Western Architecture|date=2022|publisher=Laurence King|isbn=978-1-52942-030-2|page=665|url=|language=en}}</ref>
File:Pumping station, Stewart Street (geograph 4678320).jpg|[[Isle of Dogs Pumping Station]], London, [[John Outram]], 1988<ref name="Postmodern Design Complete"/>
File:77 West Wacker Drive May 2016 (2).jpg|[[77 West Wacker Drive]], Chicago, US, by Ricardo Bofill, 1990-1992<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.are.na/block/14220675|website=are.na|title=77 West Wacker Drive Interior (1992)|author=|access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref>
File:Harold Washington Library - Chicago Public Library (51574883428).jpg|[[Harold Washington Library]], Chicago, by [[Thomas H. Beeby|Hammond, Beeby & Babka]], 1991<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book|last1=Gura|first1=Judith|title=Postmodern Design Complete|date=2017|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0-500-51914-1|page=77|url=|language=en}}</ref>
File:Chicago Public Library (CPL) (14756610392).jpg|Entrance era of the Harold Washington Library, by Hammond, Beeby & Babka, 1991<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
File:M2ビル (世田谷区).jpeg|M2 Building, [[Tokyo]], Japan, by [[Kengo Kuma]], 1991<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gura|first1=Judith|title=Postmodern Design Complete|date=2017|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0-500-51914-1|page=65|url=|language=en}}</ref>
File:Montpellier, France - panoramio (210).jpg|[[Antigone, Montpellier]], France, by [[Ricardo Bofill]], completed in 1992
File:HoustonChildrenMuseum.JPG|[[Children's Museum of Houston]], Houston, US, by Robert Venturi, 1992<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2018/09/19/robert-venturi-best-postmodern-architecture-projects/|website=dezeen.com|title=Seven of Robert Venturi's best postmodern projects|author=Eleanor Gibson|date=19 September 2018 |access-date=25 June 2023}}</ref>
File:Fountain of the Gods, Caesars Palace (Las Vegas) (2).jpg|Forum Shops in [[Caesars Palace]], Las Vegas, US, by [[Marnell Corrao Associates]], 1992<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.are.na/block/14220899|website=are.na|title=The Forum Shops at Caesars Palace (1992)|author=|access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref>
File:Trafford Centre main entrance05.jpg|Exterior of the [[Trafford Centre]], Manchester, UK, designed by [[Chapman Taylor]] and [[Leach Rhodes Walker]], with sculptures by [[Colin Spofforth]] and [[Guy Portelli]], 1998<ref name="Sunway University Press">{{cite book |last1=Gray |first1=George T. |url= |title=An Introduction to the History of Architecture, Art & Design |date=2022 |publisher=Sunway University Press |isbn=978-967-5492-24-2 |page=265 |language=en}}</ref>
File:Trafford Centre The Dome 01.jpg|Interior of the Trafford Centre, by Chapman Taylor and Leach Rhodes Walker, 1998<ref name="Sunway University Press" />
File:Philippe starck per kartell spa, poltrona masters, 2009.jpg|Louis Ghost, a simplified reinterpretation of armchairs in the [[Louis XVI style]]; by [[Philippe Starck]]; 2009; [[polycarbonate]]; height: 94&nbsp;cm; various locations<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smow.com/philippe-starck/louis-ghost.html|website=smow.com|author=|title=Philippe Starck, a pair of 'Louis Ghost' armchairs, Kartell. - Bukowskis|access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>
File:15 Strada Arthur Verona, Bucharest (27).jpg|[[Postmodernism|Postmodern]] table with different legs, some of which are reminiscent of Neoclassical furniture; unknown designer; {{circa}}2010; painted wood; unknown dimensions; Cărturești Verona (Strada Arthur Verona no. 15), [[Bucharest]], Romania
</gallery>

An early text questioning [[Modernism]] was by architect [[Robert Venturi]], ''Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture'' (1966), in which he recommended a revival of the 'presence of the past' in architectural design. He tried to include in his own buildings qualities that he described as 'inclusion, inconsistency, compromise, accommodation, adaptation, superadjacency, equivalence, multiple focus, juxtaposition, or good and bad space.'<ref>{{cite book|last1=Watkin|first1=David|title=A History of Western Architecture|date=2022|publisher=Laurence King|isbn=978-1-52942-030-2|page=660|url=|language=en}}</ref> Robert Venturi's work reflected the broader counter-cultural mood of the 1960s which saw younger generations begin to question and challenge the political, social and racial realities with which they found themselves confronted. This rejection of Modernism is known as [[Postmodernism]]. Robert Venturi parodies [[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]]'s well-known maxim '[[Less is more (architecture)|less is more]]' with 'less is a bore'. During the 1980s and 1990s, some [[Postmodern architecture|Postmodern]] architects found a refuge in a sort of Neo-Neoclassicism. Their use of Classicism was not limited only to ornaments, using more or less proportions and other principles too. Post-Modern Classicism had been variously described by some people as 'camp' or '[[kitsch]]'. An architect who has been remarked through Post-Modern Classicism is [[Ricardo Bofill]]. His work includes two housing projects of titanic scale near Paris, known as [[Les Arcades du Lac]] from 1975 to 1981, and [[Les Espaces d'Abraxas]] from 1978 to 1983. A building that stands out through its revivalism is the [[J. Paul Getty Museum]], in [[Malibu, California]], from 1970 to 1975, inspired by the ancient Roman [[Villa of the Papyri]] at [[Herculaneum]]. The J. Paul Getty Museum is far closer to 19th century Neoclassicism, like the [[Pompejanum]] in [[Aschaffenburg]], Germany, than to Post-Modern Classicism of the 1980s.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Watkin|first1=David|title=A History of Western Architecture|date=2022|publisher=Laurence King|isbn=978-1-52942-030-2|pages=660, 661, 663|url=|language=en}}</ref>