Editing Napoleon (section)

===Exile to Elba===
{{main|Principality of Elba}}

[[File:Beaume - Napoléon Ier quittant l'île d'Elbe - 1836.jpg|thumb|''Napoleon leaving Elba on 26 February 1815'', by [[Joseph Beaume]] (1836)]]

With the [[Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)|Treaty of Fontainebleau]] of 11 April 1814, the allies exiled Napoleon to [[Elba]], an island of 12,000 inhabitants in the Mediterranean, {{convert|10|km|0|abbr=on}} off the Tuscan coast, where they made him [[Principality of Elba|sovereign]]. The following night, Napoleon attempted suicide with poison he had carried after nearly being captured by the Russians during the retreat from Moscow. Its potency had weakened with age, however, and he survived to be exiled, while his wife and son took refuge in Austria.<ref>{{harvp|McLynn|1997|pp=593–594}}</ref> He was conveyed to the island on [[HMS Undaunted (1807)|HMS ''Undaunted'']] and disembarked at [[Portoferraio]] on 4 May. In the first few months on Elba, he drew up plans for administrative reforms, road and building works, and improvements to the island's mines and agriculture, but results were limited by lack of funds.<ref>{{harvp|McLynn|1997|p=597}}</ref><ref>{{Harvp|Dwyer|2013|pp=500-03}}</ref><ref>{{Harvp|Broers|2022|pp=513-15}}</ref> When Napoleon learned that Joséphine had died in France on 29 May, he was distraught and locked himself in his room for two days.<ref>{{Harvp|Dwyer|2013|p=507}}</ref>

Napoleon understood that French King [[Louis XVIII]] was unpopular. Realizing that his wife and son would not be joining him in exile, cut off from the allowance guaranteed to him by the Treaty of Fontainebleau, and aware of rumours he was about to be banished to a remote island in the Atlantic Ocean, Napoleon escaped from Elba in the brig [[French brig Inconstant (1811)|''Inconstant'']] on 26 February 1815 with about 1,000 men and a flotilla of seven vessels.<ref name="Mclynn6042">{{harvp|McLynn|1997|p=604}}</ref><ref>{{Harvp|Dwyer|2013|pp=514-16}}</ref>