Editing Naples (section)

== Education ==
[[Image:Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II. (5662).jpg|thumb|Main building of the [[University of Naples Federico II]]]]
Naples is noted for its numerous higher education institutes and research centres. Naples hosts what is thought to be the oldest state university in the world, in the form of the [[University of Naples Federico II]], which was founded by [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] in 1224. The university is among the most prominent in Italy, with around 70,000 students and over 6,000 professors in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=USTAT |title=Portale dei dati dell'istruzione superiore |url=https://ustat.mur.gov.it/dati/didattica/italia/atenei-statali/napoli-federico-ii |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=USTAT}}</ref> It is host to the [[Botanical Garden of Naples]], which was opened in 1807 by [[Joseph Bonaparte]], using plans drawn up under the Bourbon king [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies|Ferdinand IV]]. The garden's 15 hectares feature around 25,000 samples of over 10,000 species.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ortobotanico.unina.it/VerInglese/pstoria/StoriaE.htm |publisher=OrtoBotanico.UNINA.it |title=Orto Botanico di Napoli |date=7 October 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212125906/http://www.ortobotanico.unina.it/VerInglese/pstoria/StoriaE.htm |archive-date=12 February 2008 |access-date=13 March 2008}}</ref>

Naples is also served by the [[Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli|University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli]], a modern university which opened in 1989, and which has strong links to the nearby [[province of Caserta]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.napoliaffari.com/napoliaffari/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=72&Itemid=255 |publisher=NapoliAffari.com |title=Scuola: Le Università |date=7 October 2007 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719030942/http://www.napoliaffari.com/napoliaffari/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=72&Itemid=255 |archive-date=19 July 2014}}</ref> Another notable centre of education is the [[University of Naples "L'Orientale"]], which specialises in [[Eastern world|Eastern culture]], and was founded by the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] missionary [[Matteo Ripa]] in 1732, after he returned from the court of [[Kangxi Emperor|Kangxi]], the [[Emperor of China|emperor]] of the [[Manchu people|Manchu]] Qing dynasty of China.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ripa |first=Matteo |title=Memoirs of Father Ripa: During Thirteen Years Residence at the Court of Peking in the Service of the Emperor of China |publisher=New York Public Library |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ex8LAAAAYAAJ&q=Memoirs+of+Father+Ripa |year=1849 |access-date=27 October 2020 |archive-date=18 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418065644/https://books.google.com/books?id=ex8LAAAAYAAJ&q=Memoirs+of+Father+Ripa#v=snippet&q=Memoirs%20of%20Father%20Ripa&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>

Other prominent universities in Naples include the [[Parthenope University of Naples]], the private [[Suor Orsola Benincasa University of Naples]], and the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] [[Pontifical Theological Seminary of Southern Italy]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pftim.it/storia.php |publisher=PFTIM.it |title=Pontificia Facoltà Teologica dell'Italia Meridionale |date=7 October 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109223246/http://www.pftim.it/storia.php |archive-date=9 January 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.unisob.na.it/universita/facolta/formazione/index.htm |publisher=UNISOB.na.it |title=Università degli Studi Suor Orsola Benincasa – Napoli |date=7 October 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305225832/http://www.unisob.na.it/universita/facolta/formazione/index.htm |archive-date=5 March 2008 |access-date=14 March 2008}}</ref> The [[Music conservatories of Naples|San Pietro a Maiella music conservatory]] is the city's foremost institution of musical education; the earliest Neapolitan music conservatories were founded in the 16th century under the Spanish.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sanpietroamajella.it/en/inf_cs_storia.html?ocs=1&rss=3 |publisher=SanPietroaMajella.it |title=History |date=7 October 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107113305/http://www.sanpietroamajella.it/en/inf_cs_storia.html?ocs=1&rss=3 |archive-date=7 January 2009}}</ref> The [[Accademia di Belle Arti di Napoli|Academy of Fine Arts]] located on the Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli is the city's foremost art school and one of the oldest in Italy.<ref>Cassese, Giovanna (2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=JWXramn2Ra0C&pg=PT20 ''Accademie patrimoni di belle arti''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418065648/https://books.google.com/books?id=JWXramn2Ra0C&pg=PT20#v=onepage&q&f=false |date=18 April 2024 }}, p. 189. Gangemi Editore. {{ISBN|8849276710}}</ref> Naples hosts also the [[Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte]], established in 1812 by the king [[Joachim Murat]] and the astronomer Federigo Zuccari,<ref>{{cite book |first1=Mauro |last1=Gargano |first2=Emilia |last2=Olostro Cirella |first3=Massimo |last3=Della Valle |title=Il tempio di Urania : progetti per una specola astronomica a Napoli |location=Napoli |publisher=INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte |year=2012 |isbn=9788890729409}}</ref> the oldest [[marine zoology|marine zoological]] study station in the world, [[Stazione Zoologica]] Anton Dohrn, created in 1872 by German scientist [[Anton Dohrn]], and the world's oldest permanent volcano observatory, the [[Vesuvius Observatory]], founded in 1841. The Observatory lies on the slopes of Mount Vesuvius, near the city of [[Ercolano]], and is now a permanent specialised institute of the [[:it:Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia|Italian National Institute of Geophysics]].