Editing Morphine (section)

==== Extended-release ====
{{Main|Extended-release morphine}}
There are [[Time release technology|extended-release]] formulations of orally administered morphine whose effect lasts longer, which can be given once per day. Brand names for this formulation of morphine include Avinza,<ref name=maryland /> Kadian,<ref name=maryland /> MS Contin,<ref name=maryland>{{cite web |url = https://umm.edu/health/medical/drug-notes/notes/morphine-slow-release-by-mouth |title = Morphine, slow release (By mouth) |website = [[University of Maryland Medical Center]] |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222173053/https://umm.edu/health/medical/drug-notes/notes/morphine-slow-release-by-mouth |archive-date = 22 December 2015 }}</ref> Dolcontin, and DepoDur.<ref name="PedersenFredheim2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pedersen L, Fredheim O | title = Opioids for chronic noncancer pain: still no evidence for superiority of sustained-release opioids | journal = Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics | volume = 97 | issue = 2 | pages = 114–5 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 25670511 | doi = 10.1002/cpt.26 | s2cid = 5603973 }} Last reviewed on 18 November 2015</ref> For constant pain, the relieving effect of extended-release morphine given once (for Kadian)<ref name=medscape>{{cite web |url = http://reference.medscape.com/drug/ms-contin-astramorph-morphine-343319 |title = Dosing & Uses |website = [[Medscape]] |access-date = 21 December 2015 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151031152616/http://reference.medscape.com/drug/ms-contin-astramorph-morphine-343319 |archive-date = 31 October 2015 }}</ref> or twice (for MS Contin)<ref name=medscape /> every 24 hours is roughly the same as multiple administrations of ''immediate release'' (or "regular") morphine.<ref name=northwestern>{{cite web |url = http://endoflife.northwestern.edu/pain_management/morphine.pdf |title = EndLink: An Internet-based End of Life Care Education Program – Morphine Dosing |website = [[Northwestern University]] |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092914/http://endoflife.northwestern.edu/pain_management/morphine.pdf |archive-date = 4 March 2016 }}</ref> Extended-release morphine can be administered together with "rescue doses" of immediate-release morphine as needed in case of breakthrough pain, each generally consisting of 5% to 15% of the 24-hour extended-release dosage.<ref name=northwestern />