Editing Moose (section)

== Populations ==
'''North America:'''
* ''In Canada'': There are an estimated 500,000 to 1,000,000 moose,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hww.ca/en/species/mammals/moose.html#sid14 |title=Hinterland Who's Who |publisher=Hww.ca |access-date=May 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424191149/http://www.hww.ca/en/species/mammals/moose.html#sid14 |archive-date=April 24, 2013 }}</ref> with 150,000 in Newfoundland in 2007 descended from just four that were introduced in the 1900s.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.canadacool.com/COOLFACTS/NEWFOUNDLAND/NFLDMoose.html | title = Newfoundland's 120,000 moose are descended from just four that were introduced a century ago | work = Canadacool.com | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110724203530/http://www.canadacool.com/COOLFACTS/NEWFOUNDLAND/NFLDMoose.html | archive-date = July 24, 2011 }}</ref>
* ''In United States'': There are estimated to be around 300,000:
** Alaska: The state's Department of Fish and Game estimated 200,000 in 2011.<ref>[http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/species/speciesinfo/moose/pdfs/interior_moose_news_fall_2011.pdf Interior Alaska Moose News (Fall 2011)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220094623/http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/species/speciesinfo/moose/pdfs/interior_moose_news_fall_2011.pdf |date=February 20, 2016 }}, p. 6, "How Do Scandinavia and Alaska Compare?"</ref>
** [[New England]]: The moose population is estimated at between 60,000&ndash;70,000 in [[Maine]] (the highest population of any state other than Alaska)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.maine.gov/ifw/hunting-trapping/hunting/species/moose/index.html | title=Moose: Game Species: Hunting: Hunting & Trapping: Maine Dept of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife }}</ref> 3,000–4,000 in [[New Hampshire]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.unh.edu/unhtoday/2023/02/population-surveying-methods-new-hampshire-moose | title=Tracking New Hampshire's Moose Population Using Drones and Wildlife Cameras | date=16 February 2023 }}</ref> 2,100 in Vermont,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://vtfishandwildlife.com/hunt/hunting-and-trapping-opportunities/moose/moose-management-faqs | title=Moose Management FAQs &#124; Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department }}</ref> 1,000&ndash;1,500 in [[Massachusetts]] (in the [[western Massachusetts|western]] and [[central Massachusetts|central]] parts of that state),<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.umass.edu/moose/faq.html | title=New England Research Institute }}</ref> and 100 in [[Connecticut]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://portal.ct.gov/deep/wildlife/fact-sheets/moose | title=Moose }}</ref>
** New York: In 2024, the [[New York Department of Environmental Conservation]] reported a surveyed population of 716 moose within [[Adirondack Park]]<ref>Mike Lynch, [https://www.timesunion.com/news/article/adirondack-moose-population-threatened-stable-19863077.php Adirondack moose population threatened but stable], ''Albany Times-Union'' (October 27, 2024).</ref>
** Rocky Mountain states: Wyoming is said to have the largest share in its six-state region, and its Fish and Game Commission estimated 7,692 in 2009.<ref>[http://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/wyoming/article_eef704f1-9b7f-5812-b219-31b57a917a31.html "Wyoming moose numbers fall short"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430102955/http://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/wyoming/article_eef704f1-9b7f-5812-b219-31b57a917a31.html |date=April 30, 2017 }}, ''Billings Gazette'', May 28, 2009</ref>
** Upper Midwest: Michigan 2000 on Isle Royale (2019) and an estimated 433 (in its [[Upper Peninsula]]) in 2011,<ref>[https://www.nps.gov/isro/learn/nature/wolf-moose-populations.htm Isle Royale: Wolf & Moose Populations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210408032912/https://www.nps.gov/isro/learn/nature/wolf-moose-populations.htm |date=2021-04-08 }}, National Park Service</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153--252224--,00.html |title=DNRE Survey Results Indicate Approximately 433 Moose in Western Upper Peninsula |publisher=Michigan.gov |date=May 25, 2017 |access-date=June 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191049/http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153--252224--,00.html |archive-date=October 29, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Wisconsin, 20–40 (close to its border with Michigan) in 2003, Minnesota 5600 in its northeast in 2010,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/recreation/hunting/moose/moose_survey_2010.pdf |title=2010 Aerial Moose Survey |access-date=June 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808035142/http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/recreation/hunting/moose/moose_survey_2010.pdf |archive-date=August 8, 2017 }}</ref> and under 100 in its northwest in 2009;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/aboutdnr/reports/legislative/moose_mgmt_research.pdf |title=Moose Management and Research Plan Update |access-date=June 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113070603/http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/aboutdnr/reports/legislative/moose_mgmt_research.pdf |archive-date=November 13, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> North Dakota closed, due to low moose population, one of its moose-hunting geographic units in 2011, and issued 162 single-kill licenses to hunters, each restricted to one of the remaining nine units.<ref>[http://gf.nd.gov/hunting/biggame/bsem/moose.html "Big Game Hunting: Moose Season Information"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109193640/http://gf.nd.gov/hunting/biggame/bsem/moose.html |date=November 9, 2011 }}, North Dakota Game and Fish Department</ref>

'''Europe and Asia''':
* ''Finland'': In 2009, there was a summer population of 115,000.<ref>[http://riistaweb.riista.fi/riistatiedot/riistatietohaku.mhtml RiistaWeb] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724144553/http://riistaweb.riista.fi/riistatiedot/riistatietohaku.mhtml |date=July 24, 2010 }}. Riistaweb.riista.fi. Retrieved on January 9, 2011.</ref>
* ''Norway'': In 2009, there were a winter population of around 120,000.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.aftenposten.no/norge/Elgen-truer-skogen-258961b.html |title=Elgen truer skogen |language=no |newspaper=[[Aftenposten]] |access-date=September 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106151140/http://www.aftenposten.no/norge/Elgen-truer-skogen-258961b.html |archive-date=November 6, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2015 31,131 moose were shot. In 1999, a record number of 39,422 moose were shot.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ssb.no/jord-skog-jakt-og-fiskeri/statistikker/elgjakt/aar/2016-03-18 |title=Elgjakt, 2015/2016 |date=18 March 2016 |publisher=[[Statistics Norway|Statistisk sentralbyrå]] |access-date=September 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031845/https://www.ssb.no/jord-skog-jakt-og-fiskeri/statistikker/elgjakt/aar/2016-03-18 |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''Latvia'': in 2015, there were 21,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.zm.gov.lv/public/files/CMS_Static_Page_Doc/00/00/00/37/44/Alnisgrafiks.jpg |title=zm.gov.lv |publisher=zm.gov.lv |access-date=October 6, 2015 |language=lv |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006234127/https://www.zm.gov.lv/public/files/CMS_Static_Page_Doc/00/00/00/37/44/Alnisgrafiks.jpg |archive-date=October 6, 2015 }}</ref>
* ''Estonia'': 11,000 - 7,000<ref>[https://tartu.postimees.ee/8107158/kuhu-podrad-kadusid-eesti-ja-lati-teadlased-uurivad-asja "Kuhu põdrad kadusid? Eesti ja Läti teadlased uurivad asja"]. ''[[Tartu Postimees]]'' October 2, 2024. Retrieved October 4, 2024. {{in lang|et}}</ref>
* ''Lithuania'': around 14,000 in 2016<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/lietuvoje/2/163091/lietuva-pamego-meskenai-o-rudiesiems-lokiams-vietos-cia-per-mazai|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110182639/https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/lietuvoje/2/163091/lietuva-pamego-meskenai-o-rudiesiems-lokiams-vietos-cia-per-mazai|title=Lietuvą pamėgo meškėnai, o rudiesiems lokiams vietos čia per mažai|date=February 10, 2017|archive-date=January 10, 2019|website=lrt.lt}}</ref>
* ''Poland'': 28,000<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://rewilding-oder-delta.com/pl/aktualnosci/powrot-losia/|title = Zespół Rewilding Oder Delta nastawia się na powrót łosia|date = 31 March 2021|access-date = 15 December 2021|archive-date = 15 December 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211215210309/https://rewilding-oder-delta.com/pl/aktualnosci/powrot-losia/|url-status = live}}</ref>
* ''Czech Republic'': maximum of 50<ref name="lhnet">{{cite web |url=http://www.lhnet.org/eurasian-elk/ |title=Factsheet: Eurasian Elk (Elk, reindeer, roe deer (Cetartiodactyla Cervidae Capreolinae) > Alces alces) |publisher=Lhnet.org |access-date=June 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727095304/http://www.lhnet.org/eurasian-elk/ |archive-date=July 27, 2013 }}</ref>
* ''Russia'': In 2007, there were approximately 600,000.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Baskin|first=Leonid M.|date=2009|title=Status of Regional Moose Populations in European and Asiatic Russia|url=http://alcesjournal.org/index.php/alces/article/viewFile/4/3|journal=Alces|volume=45|pages=1–4|access-date=February 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226212035/http://alcesjournal.org/index.php/alces/article/viewFile/4/3|archive-date=February 26, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''Sweden'': Summer population is estimated to be 300,000–400,000. Around 100,000 are shot each fall.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jagareforbundet.se/Templates/Pages/AnimalSpeciesPage.aspx?id=623&epslanguage=sv |title=jagareforbundet.se |publisher=jagareforbundet.se |access-date=December 1, 2013 |language=sv |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203051340/http://jagareforbundet.se/Templates/Pages/AnimalSpeciesPage.aspx?id=623&epslanguage=sv |archive-date=December 3, 2013 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.salenalgen.se/Älginformation.htm salenalgen.se Om älgar] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620050136/http://www.salenalgen.se/%C3%84lginformation.htm |date=June 20, 2012 }}</ref> About 10,000 are killed in traffic accidents yearly.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.svd.se/sa-manga-djur-dodas-i-trafiken-varje-ar |title=Så många djur dödas i trafiken varje år &#124; SvD |newspaper=Svenska Dagbladet |publisher=Svd.se |date=December 29, 2003 |access-date=June 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925025726/https://www.svd.se/sa-manga-djur-dodas-i-trafiken-varje-ar |archive-date=September 25, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Subspecies===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| European elk
[[File:Elk-telemark.jpg|150 px]]
| ''A. a. alces''
| [[Finland]], [[Sweden]], [[Norway]], [[Latvia]], [[Estonia]] and [[Russia]]. No longer present in central and western Europe except for [[Poland]], [[Lithuania]] and [[Belarus]], with a certain population in the [[Czech Republic]], [[Slovakia]] and northern [[Ukraine]], including [[Bohemia]] since the 1970s; recently sighted in eastern [[Germany]] (the range formerly included [[France]], [[Switzerland]] and the Benelux nations). Population increasing and regaining territory. Males weigh about {{convert|320|to|475|kg|lb|0|sp=us|abbr=on}} and females weigh {{convert|275|to|375|kg|lb|0|sp=us|abbr=on}} in this mid-sized subspecies. Shoulder height ranges from {{convert|1.7|to|2.1|m|ftin|sp=us|abbr=on}}.<ref>Smith, A. T., Xie, Y., Hoffmann, R. S., Lunde, D., MacKinnon, J., Wilson, D. E., & Wozencraft, W. C. (Eds.). (2010). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ka-9f68nPT4C&q=moose A guide to the mammals of China]'' {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919071005/https://books.google.com/books?id=ka-9f68nPT4C&printsec=frontcover#v=snippet&q=moose&f=false |date=September 19, 2015 }}. Princeton University Press.</ref>
|-
| Yakutia, Mid-Siberian or Lena elk<ref name="bearcreekjournal">{{cite web |url=http://bearcreekjournal.com/mooseworld/asian-moose/ |title=Asian Moose |publisher=Bear Creek Journal |access-date=June 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130620053743/http://bearcreekjournal.com/mooseworld/asian-moose/ |archive-date=June 20, 2013 }}</ref>
[[File:Wading moose.jpg|150 px]]
| ''A. a. pfizenmayeri''
| Eastern [[Siberia]], [[Mongolia]] and [[Manchuria]]. Mostly found in the forests of eastern Russia. The most common elk subspecies in [[Asia]]. Its range goes from the [[Yenisei River]] in the west and most of [[Siberia]]. Its range excludes the ranges of the [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug|Chukotka]] and Ussuri elk to the east and northern [[Mongolia]]. Similar in size to the western moose of Canada and the United States.
|-
| Ussuri, Amur or Manchurian elk<ref name="bearcreekjournal" /><ref>Kevin Jackson, 2009, Moose, Reaktion Books</ref> 
| ''A. a. cameloides''
| Ranges from the [[Amur Oblast|Amur]]-[[Ussuri]] region of far eastern Russia, as well as the northeastern part of [[China]]. Ussuri elk are different from other elk subspecies in that their antler size is much smaller, or they lack antlers entirely. Even adult bulls' antlers are small and cervine, with little palmation. The smallest subspecies in both Eurasia and the world, with both males and females standing only {{convert|1.65|to|1.85|m|ftin|sp=us|abbr=on}} at the shoulder and weighing between {{convert|200|and|350|kg|lb|0|sp=us|abbr=on}}.<ref>Jackson, K. (2009). ''Moose''. Reaktion Books.</ref>
|-
| Chukotka or East Siberian elk<ref name="bearcreekjournal" />
| ''A. a. buturlini''
| Ranges from northeastern Siberia from the [[Alazeya River]] basin east to the [[Kolyma]] and [[Anadyrsky Liman|Anadyr]] basins and south through the [[Koryak Okrug|Koryak]] range and the [[Kamchatka Peninsula]]. The largest subspecies in Eurasia. Males can grow up to {{convert|2.15|m|ftin|sp=us|abbr=on}} tall and weigh between {{convert|500|and|725|kg|lb|0|sp=us|abbr=on}}; females are somewhat smaller.
|-
| [[Eastern moose]]
[[File:Moose in river animal alces americanus.jpg|150x150px]]
| ''A. a. americana''
| Eastern Canada, including eastern [[Ontario]], all of [[Quebec]] and the [[Atlantic Provinces]] and the northeastern United States, including [[Maine]], [[New Hampshire]], [[Vermont]], [[Massachusetts]], [[Rhode Island]], [[Connecticut]] and northern [[New York (state)|New York]] near the Adirondack Mountains. Population increasing. This is a fairly small-bodied subspecies, females weighing an average of {{cvt|270|kg|lb|0}}, males weighing an average of {{cvt|365|kg|lb}} and males standing up to approximately {{cvt|2|m|ft}} at the shoulder.
|-
| [[Western moose]]
[[File:Lonesome-Lake-Moose.jpg|150 px]]
| ''A. a. andersoni''
| [[British Columbia]] to western [[Ontario]], the eastern [[Yukon]], the [[Northwest Territories]], southwestern [[Nunavut]], [[Michigan]] (the Upper Peninsula), northern [[Wisconsin]], northern [[Minnesota]] and northeastern [[North Dakota]]. A middle-sized subspecies that weighs {{cvt|340|to|420|kg|lb|0}} in adult females and {{cvt|450|to|500|kg|lb|0}} in adult males on average.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/documents/moose.pdf |title= Moose in British Columbia |publisher= Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, British Columbia |access-date= August 18, 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141222030944/http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/documents/moose.pdf |archive-date= December 22, 2014 |url-status= live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Alaska moose|Alaskan moose]]
[[File:Bigbullmoose.jpg|150 px]]
| ''A. a. gigas''
| [[Alaska]] and the western [[Yukon]]. The largest subspecies in North America and the world and the largest living deer in the world; the largest one shot on record weighed {{convert|820|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}, and was {{convert|2.33|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall at the shoulder.<ref>Franzmann, A. W., LeResche, R. E., Rausch, R. A., & Oldemeyer, J. L. (1978). ''Alaskan moose measurements and weights and measurement-weight relationships''. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 56(2), 298-306.</ref>
|-
| Shiras' moose or Yellowstone moose
[[File:Shiras Bull at Cecret Lake a 07-25-12.JPG|150 px]]
| ''A. a. shirasi''
|[[Colorado]], [[Idaho]], [[Montana]], [[Oregon]], [[Utah]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and [[Wyoming]].<ref>{{cite web|title = Moose Status and Hunting in Washington By Dana L. Base, Associate Wildlife Biologist August 2004|access-date = December 7, 2009|url = http://wdfw.wa.gov/wlm/game/hunter/gametrails/2004/moose_status.htm |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070621205514/http://wdfw.wa.gov/wlm/game/hunter/gametrails/2004/moose_status.htm |archive-date = June 21, 2007}}</ref> The smallest subspecies in North America, weighing about {{convert|230|to|344|kg|lb|0|sp=us|abbr=on}} at maturity.
|-
| † [[Caucasian moose|Caucasian elk]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qn1A9Y1OA2oC&q=Caucasian+elk&pg=PA14|title=Elsevier's Dictionary of Mammals|last=Wrobel|first=Murray|date=November 18, 2006|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-048882-0|language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Elch.PNG|150 px]]
| ''A. a. caucasicus''
| The [[Caucasus Mountains]]. Extinct due to habitat loss and overhunting. Its range would have included [[European Russia]], [[Armenia]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Turkey]] and North and West [[Iran]]. 
|}