Editing Mode (music) (section)

==Other types==
While the term "mode" is still most commonly understood to refer to Ionian, Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian, or Locrian modes in the diatonic scale; in modern music theory the word "mode" is also often used differently, to mean scales ''other'' than the diatonic. This is seen, for example, in [[minor scale|melodic minor]] scale harmony, which is based on the seven rotations of the ascending melodic minor scale, yielding some interesting scales as shown below. The "chord" row lists [[Tetrad (music)|tetrads]] that can be built from the pitches in the given mode<ref>{{harvp|Levine|1995|pp=55–77}}</ref> (in [[Chord names and symbols (popular music)|jazz notation]], the symbol Δ is for a [[major seventh]]).

Since [[Dorian mode]] is the standard mode, we compare it with other modes:

(♯ and ♭ are dual, 2 and 7 are dual, 3 and 6 are dual, 4 and 5 are dual)

Dorian is self-dual, Mixolydian mode and Aeolian mode are dual, Ionian mode and Phrygian mode are dual, etc.

:{| 
|- style="font-size:80%;vertical-align:bottom;"
| '''characteristic<br/>scale notes''' || '''dual scale<br/>characteristics''' || '''implied mode'''{{cn|date=October 2024|reason=Each table row's named mode needs its own citation: Probably many rows have same source, but at least a few modes are obscure, and will require a special source ref., so a blanket citation cannot be legit.}}
|-
| '''♯3''' || {{grey|   ···   ···   ··· }} || [[Mixolydian mode]]
|-
| {{grey|♯3}} || '''♭6''' || [[Aeolian mode]] ([[natural minor]] and [[descending melodic minor]])
|-
| '''♯3 ♯7''' || {{grey|   ···   ···   ··· }} || [[Ionian mode]] ([[natural major]] and [[ascending melodic major]])
|-
| {{grey|♯3 ♯7}} || '''♭2 ♭6''' ||  [[Phrygian mode]]
|-
| '''♯3 ♯4 ♯7''' || {{grey|   ···   ···   ··· }} || [[Lydian mode]]
|-
| {{grey|♯3 ♯4 ♯7}} || '''♭2 ♭5 ♭6''' || [[Locrian mode]]
|-
| '''♯3 ♯4 ♯5 ♯7''' || {{grey|   ···   ···   ··· }} || [[Lydian augmented scale]]
|-
| {{grey|♯3 ♯4 ♯5 ♯7}} || '''♭2 ♭4 ♭5 ♭6'''  || [[Altered scale]]
|-
| '''♯7''' || {{grey|   ···   ···   ··· }} || [[Jazz minor scale]] ([[ascending melodic minor]])
|-
| {{grey|♯7}} || '''♭2'''  || [[Dorian ♭2 scale]]
|-
| '''♯3 ♯4''' || {{grey|   ···   ···   ··· }} || [[Acoustic scale]]
|-
| {{grey|♯3 ♯4}} || '''♭5 ♭6''' || [[Half diminished scale]]
|-
| '''♯3 ♯4 ♭6''' || {{grey|   ···   ···   ··· }} || Lydian dominant ♭6 scale
|-
| {{grey|♯3 ♯4 ♭6}} || '''♯3 ♭5 ♭6''' || [[Major Locrian scale]]
|-
| '''♯3 ♯7 ♭2''' || {{grey|   ···   ···   ··· }} || ? (Ionian ♭2 scale?)
|-
| {{grey|♯3 ♯7 ♭2}} || '''♯7 ♭2 ♭6''' || [[Neapolitan scale|Neapolitan minor scale]]
|-
| '''♯3 ♯4 ♭2''' || {{grey|   ···   ···   ··· }} || [[Romanian major scale]]
|-
| {{grey|♯3 ♯4 ♭2}} || '''♯7 ♭5 ♭6''' || ?
|-
| '''♯3 ♯4 ♯7 ♭2 ♭6''' || {{grey|   ···   ···   ··· }} ||  [[Double Harmonic Augmented Scale]]
|-
| {{grey|♯3 ♯4 ♯7 ♭2 ♭6}}  || '''♯3 ♯7 ♭2 ♭5 ♭6'''  || [[Persian scale]]
|-
| '''♯4''' || {{grey|   ···   ···   ··· }} ||  [[Ukrainian Dorian scale]] (Dorian harmonic scale?)
|-
| {{grey|♯4}} ||  '''♭5''' || ? (Dorian harmonic scale?)
|-
| '''♯3 ♭2''' || {{grey|   ···   ···   ··· }} || ? (Mixolydian harmonic scale?)
|-
| {{grey|♯3 ♭2}} || '''♯7 ♭6''' || ? (Aeolian harmonic scale?) ([[harmonic minor]])
|-
| '''♯3 ♯7 ♭6''' || {{grey|   ···   ···   ··· }} || ? (Ionian harmonic scale?) ([[harmonic major]])
|-
| {{grey|♯3 ♯7 ♭6}} || '''♯3 ♭2 ♭6''' || [[Phrygian dominant scale]] (Phrygian harmonic scale?)
|-
| '''♯4 ♯7''' || {{grey|   ···   ···   ··· }} || ? (Lydian harmonic scale?)
|-
| {{grey|♯4 ♯7}} || '''♭2 ♭5''' || ? (Locrian harmonic scale?)
|-
| '''♯4 ♯7 ♭6''' || {{grey|   ···   ···   ··· }} || [[Hungarian minor scale]]
|-
| {{grey|♯4 ♯7 ♭6}} || '''♯3 ♭2 ♭5''' || [[Oriental mode]]
|-
|colspan=2|           '''♯3 ♭6''' || [[Aeolian dominant scale]] ([[descending melodic major]])   (self-dual)
|-
|colspan=2|           '''♯7 ♭2''' || [[Neapolitan scale|Neapolitan major scale]]   (self-dual)
|-
|colspan=2|       '''♯3 ♯7 ♭2 ♭6''' || [[Double harmonic scale]]   (self-dual)
|}

Or remove two diatonic notes to get [[pentatonic scale]]:

:{| 
|- style="font-size:80%;vertical-align:bottom;"
| '''removed<br/>scale notes'''  || '''altered<br/>scale notes'''  || '''implied pentatonic scale''' || '''implied classical Chinese scale'''
|-
| 3  6 || {{grey|   ···   }} || suspended pentatonic scale || 商 (''shāng'') mode   (self-dual)
|-
| 3  7 || {{grey|   ···   }} || blues major pentatonic scale || 徵 (''zhǐ'') mode
|-
| 2  6 || {{grey|   ···   }} || minor pentatonic scale || 羽 (''yǔ'') mode
|-
| 4  7 ||  ♯3 || major pentatonic scale || 宮 (''gōng'') mode
|-
| 2  5 ||  ♭6 || blues minor pentatonic scale   || 角 (''jué'') mode 
|}

Scales that are called "harmonic" contain all seven types of seventh chords{{cn|date=October 2024}} (like the harmonic major scale and the harmonic minor scale).

e.g. for Dorian ♯4:

* 1st: [[Minor seventh chord]]
* 2nd: [[Dominant seventh chord]]
* 3rd: [[Major seventh chord]]
* 4th (start with the ♯4): [[Diminished seventh chord]]
* 5th: [[Minor major seventh chord]]
* 6th: [[Half-diminished seventh chord]]
* 7th: [[Augmented major seventh chord]]

and for Dorian ♭5:

* 1st: [[Half-diminished seventh chord]]
* 2nd: [[Minor seventh chord]]
* 3rd: [[Minor major seventh chord]]
* 4th: [[Dominant seventh chord]]
* 5th (start with the ♭5): [[Augmented major seventh chord]]
* 6th: [[Diminished seventh chord]]
* 7th: [[Major seventh chord]]

In contrast, the original Dorian mode (also the natural major scale and the natural minor scale) does not contain [[minor major seventh chord]] and [[augmented major seventh chord]] and [[diminished seventh chord]].

{|class=wikitable
|- style="font-size:80%;vertical-align:bottom;"
! type 
| '''in a major key'''
| '''in a minor key'''
|-
! natural
| Ionian (start with C, use all white keys)
| Aeolian (start with A, use all white keys)
|-
! harmonic
|♭6
| ♯7
|-
! melodic
| ascending: same as natural / descending: ♭6, ♭7
| ascending: ♯6, ♯7 / descending: same as natural
|}


The [[Dorian mode]], and [[Aeolian dominant scale]] (Dorian ♯3 ♭6 scale), and [[Neapolitan scale|Neapolitan major scale]] (Dorian ♭2 ♯7 scale), and [[double harmonic scale]] (Dorian ♭2 ♯3 ♭6 ♯7 scale), are all self-dual.{{cn|date=October 2024}} However, there are no harmonic scales that are self-dual.{{cn|date=October 2024}} From that, we can list the scales and the triad qualities and the seventh chord qualities in each scale as degrees of [[Dorian mode]] and [[Aeolian dominant scale]] (Dorian ♯3 ♭6 scale) and [[Neapolitan scale|Neapolitan major scale]] (Dorian ♭2 ♯7 scale) and [[double harmonic scale]] (Dorian ♭2 ♯3 ♭6 ♯7 scale) and the two types of Dorian harmonic scale:{{cn|date=October 2024}}{{clarify|date=October 2024|reason=Paragraph is too long; sentences run together; reasoning is too obscure, if valid at all.}}
(for [[Dorian mode]] and [[Aeolian dominant scale]] and [[Neapolitan scale|Neapolitan major scale]] and [[double harmonic scale]], the 2nd / 7th scales, the 3rd / 6th scales, the 4th / 5th scales, are dual scales, and for the scale of a type of Dorian harmonic scale, its dual is the 2nd / 7th scale, the 3rd / 6th scale, the 4th / 5th scale, of another Dorian harmonic scale).{{clarify|date=October 2024|reason=Paragraph is too long; sentences run together; reasoning is too obscure, if valid at all.}}{{cn|date=October 2024}}

{|class=wikitable
|+ Scale{{cn|date=October 2024}}
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
! scale || 1st || 2nd || 3rd || 4th || 5th || 6th || 7th
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! [[Dorian mode]]
| [[Dorian mode]] || [[Phrygian mode]] || [[Lydian mode]] || [[Mixolydian mode]] || [[Aeolian mode]],<br/>[[natural minor]],<br/>[[descending melodic minor]] || [[Locrian mode]] || [[Ionian mode]],<br/>[[natural major]],<br/>[[ascending melodic major]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! [[Aeolian dominant scale]],<br/>Dorian ♯3 ♭6 scale
| [[Aeolian dominant scale]],<br/>[[descending melodic major]],<br/>Aeolian ♯3 scale,<br/>Mixolydian ♭6 scale,<br/>[[Hindu scale]],<br/>(Dorian ♯3 ♭6 scale) || [[half diminished scale]],<br/>Locrian ♮2 scale,<br/>Aeolian ♭5 scale || [[altered scale]],<br/>altered dominant scale,<br/>super Locrian scale,<br/>Locrian ♭4 scale || [[jazz minor scale]],<br/>[[ascending melodic minor]] || [[Dorian ♭2 scale]],<br/>Phrygian ♮6 scale || [[Lydian augmented scale]],<br/>Lydian ♯5 scale || [[acoustic scale]],<br/>overtone scale,<br/>Lydian dominant scale,<br/>Lydian ♭7 scale,<br/>Mixolydian ♯4 scale
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! [[Neapolitan scale|Neapolitan major scale]],<br/>Dorian ♭2 ♯7 scale
| [[Neapolitan scale|Neapolitan major scale]],<br/>(Dorian ♭2 ♯7 scale) || leading whole tone scale,<br/>Lydian augmented ♯6 scale || Lydian augmented dominant scale || Lydian dominant ♭6 || [[major Locrian scale]] || half-diminished ♭4 scale,<br/>altered dominant ♯2 scale || altered dominant {{music|bb}}3 scale
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! [[double harmonic scale]],<br/>Dorian ♭2 ♯3 ♭6 ♯7 scale
|[[double harmonic scale]],<br/>double harmonic major scale,<br/>(Dorian ♭2 ♯3 ♭6 ♯7 scale) || Lydian ♯2 ♯6 scale || Ultraphrygian scale || [[Hungarian minor scale]],<br/>double harmonic minor scale,<br/>Gypsy minor scale || [[Oriental mode]] || Ionian ♯2 ♯5 scale || Locrian {{music|bb}}3 {{music|bb}}7 scale
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! Dorian harmonic (♯4) scale
| [[Ukrainian Dorian scale]],<br/>Romanian minor scale,<br/>altered Dorian scale,<br/>Dorian harmonic (♯4) scale || [[Phrygian dominant scale]],<br/>altered Phrygian scale,<br/>dominant ♭2 ♭6 scale (in jazz),<br/>[[Freygish scale]],<br/>Phrygian harmonic (♮3) scale || [[Lydian #9 scale|Lydian harmonic (♯9) scale]] || super Locrian {{music|bb}}7 scale,<br/>altered diminished scale || [[harmonic minor]],<br/>Aeolian harmonic (♮7) scale || Locrian harmonic (♮6) scale || Ionian harmonic (♯5) scale,<br/>augmented major scale
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! Dorian harmonic (♭5) scale
| Dorian harmonic (♭5) scale,<br/>Locrian ♮2 ♮6 scale || altered dominant ♮5 scale,<br/>Phrygian harmonic (♭4) scale || melodic minor ♯4 scale,<br/>Lydian harmonic (♭3) scale || Mixolydian harmonic (♭2) scale || Lydian augmented ♯2 scale || Locrian harmonic ({{music|bb}}7) scale || [[harmonic major]],<br/>Ionian harmonic (♭6) scale
|}

{| class=wikitable
|+ Triad qualities{{clarify|date=October 2024|reason=No description given of what "chord qualities" means.}}
|-
! scale || 1st || 2nd || 3rd || 4th || 5th || 6t || 7th
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! [[Dorian mode]]
| [[minor triad]] || [[minor triad]] || [[major triad]] || [[major triad]] || [[minor triad]] || [[diminished triad]] || [[major triad]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! [[Aeolian dominant scale]],<br/>Dorian ♯3 ♭6 scale
| [[major triad]] || [[diminished triad]] || [[diminished triad]] || [[minor triad]] || [[minor triad]] || [[augmented triad]] || [[major triad]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! [[Neapolitan scale|Neapolitan major scale]],<br/>Dorian ♭2 ♯7 scale
| [[minor triad]]||[[augmented triad]] || [[augmented triad]] || [[major triad]] || [[major triad]] ♭5,<br/>{{small|(equivalent: [[half-diminished seventh chord]] starting with the third tone, and remove the second tone)}} || [[diminished triad]] || [[suspended chord|sus2 triad]] ♭5,<br/>{{small|(equivalent: [[dominant seventh chord]] starting with the fourth tone, and remove the third tone)}}
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! [[double harmonic scale]],<br/>Dorian ♭2 ♯3 ♭6 ♯7 scale
| [[major triad]] || [[major triad]] || [[minor triad]] || [[minor triad]] || [[major triad]] ♭5,<br/>{{small|(equivalent: [[half-diminished seventh chord]] starting with the third tone, and remove the second tone)}} || [[augmented triad]] || [[suspended chord|sus2 triad]] ♭5,<br/>{{small|(equivalent: [[dominant seventh chord]] starting with the fourth tone, and remove the third tone)}}
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! Dorian harmonic (♯4) scale
| [[minor triad]] || [[major triad]] || [[major triad]] || [[diminished triad]] || [[major triad]] || [[diminished triad]] || [[augmented triad]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! Dorian harmonic (♭5) scale
| [[diminished triad]] || [[minor triad]] || [[minor triad]] || [[major triad]] || [[augmented triad]] || [[diminished triad]] || [[major triad]]
|}

{|class=wikitable
|+ Seventh chord qualities{{cn|date=October 2024}}{{clarify|date=October 2024|reason=No description given of what "chord qualities" means.}}
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
! scale || 1st || 2nd || 3rd || 4th || 5th || 6th || 7th
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! [[Dorian mode]]
| [[minor seventh chord]] || [[minor seventh chord]] || [[major seventh chord]] || [[dominant seventh chord]] || [[minor seventh chord]] || [[half-diminished seventh chord]] || [[major seventh chord]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! [[Aeolian dominant scale]],<br/>Dorian ♯3 ♭6 scale
| [[dominant seventh chord]] || [[half-diminished seventh chord]] || [[half-diminished seventh chord]] || [[minor major seventh chord]] || [[minor seventh chord]] || [[augmented major seventh chord]] || [[dominant seventh chord]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! [[Neapolitan scale|Neapolitan major scale]],<br/>Dorian ♭2 ♯7 scale
| [[minor major seventh chord]] || [[augmented major seventh chord]] || [[augmented seventh chord]] || [[dominant seventh chord]] || [[dominant seventh flat five chord]] || [[half-diminished seventh chord]] || [[suspended chord|sus2 triad]] add7 ♭5
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! [[double harmonic scale]],<br/>Dorian ♭2 ♯3 ♭6 ♯7 scale
| [[major seventh chord]] || [[minor seventh chord]] || [[Sixth chord#Minor sixth|minor sixth chord]],<br/>{{small|(equivalent: [[half-diminished seventh chord]] starting with the third tone)}} || [[minor major seventh chord]] || [[dominant seventh flat five chord]] || [[augmented major seventh chord]] || [[suspended chord|sus2 triad]] add6 ♭5,<br/>{{small|(equivalent: [[dominant seventh chord]] starting with the fourth tone)}}
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! Dorian harmonic (♯4) scale
| [[minor seventh chord]] || [[dominant seventh chord]] || [[major seventh chord]] || [[diminished seventh chord]] || [[minor major seventh chord]] || [[half-diminished seventh chord]] || [[augmented major seventh chord]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! Dorian harmonic (♭5) scale
| [[half-diminished seventh chord]] || [[minor seventh chord]] || [[minor major seventh chord]] || [[dominant seventh chord]] || [[augmented major seventh chord]] || [[diminished seventh chord]] || [[major seventh chord]]
|}

[[Aeolian dominant scale]] (Dorian ♯3 ♭6 scale) can be called "anti-Dorian scale", since it and Dorian scale are the only two scales which are self-dual.

; Dual triads{{clarify|date=October 2024|reason=No description given of what it means for a chord to be "dual" to another. Needs to be spelled out here.}}:
{{div col begin|colwidth=15em}}
: [[major triad]] ~ [[minor triad]]
: [[diminished triad]] (self-dual)
: [[augmented triad]] (self-dual)
{{div col end}}

; Dual seventh chords{{clarify|date=October 2024|reason=No description given of what it means for a chord to be "dual" to another. Needs to be spelled out here.}}:
:{|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| [[major seventh chord]] (self-dual)
| [[dominant seventh chord]] ~ [[half-diminished seventh chord]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| [[minor seventh chord]] (self-dual)
| [[augmented major seventh chord]] ~ [[minor major seventh chord]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| [[diminished seventh chord]] (self-dual)  
| 
|}

; Dual keys{{clarify|date=October 2024|reason=No description given of what it means for a ''key'' signature to be "dual" to another. Needs to be spelled out here.}}{{cn|date=October 2024|reason=Enharmonic (modern sense) notes giving dual keys like G♯ ~ A♭ is clear enough, but all other keys need some cited authority.}}:
{{div col begin|colwidth=8em}}
: {{nobr|D {{small|(self-dual)}}}}
: A ~ G
: E ~ C
: B ~ F
: F♯ ~ B♭
: C♯ ~ E♭
: {{nobr|G♯ ~ A♭ {{small|(self-dual)}}}}
: D♯ ~ D♭
: A♯ ~ G♭
: E♯ ~ C♭
: B♯ ~ F♭
{{div col end}}