Editing Misogyny (section)

=== Language used ===
The insults and threats directed at different women tend to be very similar. [[Jude Doyle]], who has been the target of online threats, noted the "overwhelmingly impersonal, repetitive, stereotyped quality" of the abuse, the fact that "all of us are being called the same things, in the same tone".<ref name=jane />

A 2016 study conducted by the [[Demos (UK think tank)|think tank Demos]] found that the majority of [[Twitter]] messages containing the words "whore" or "slut" were advertisements for pornography. Of those that were not, a majority used the terms in a non-aggressive way, such a discussion of [[slut-shaming]]. Of those that used the terms "whore" or "slut" in an aggressive, insulting way, about half were women and half were men. Twitter users most frequently targeted by women with aggressive insults were celebrities, such as [[Beyoncé Knowles]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://demosuk.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Misogyny-online.pdf |title=The use of misogynistic terms on Twitter |access-date=28 May 2020 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225212800/https://demosuk.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Misogyny-online.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>

A 2020 study published in the journal ''[[New Media & Society]]'' also discusses how language on the internet can contribute to online misogyny. The authors specifically criticise ''[[Urban Dictionary]]'', claiming the language used in the definitions are misogynistic and anti-feminist, rather than simply being a collaborative dictionary.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ging |first1=Debbie |last2=Lynn |first2=Theodore |last3=Rosati |first3=Pierangelo |date=30 August 2019 |title=Neologising misogyny: Urban Dictionary's folksonomies of sexual abuse |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444819870306 |journal=New Media & Society |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=838–856 |doi=10.1177/1461444819870306 |s2cid=203078731 |issn=1461-4448 |access-date=19 November 2020 |archive-date=13 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513031614/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461444819870306 |url-status=live}}</ref>

A 2021 study published at the meeting of the ''[[Association for Computational Linguistics]]'' notes that online misogyny presents differently in different contexts. For example: Spanish online discussions show a stronger presence of dominance; Italian misogyny has a plurality of stereotyping and objectification; English online misogyny most frequently involves discrediting women; and Danish discussions primarily express neo-sexism.<ref name="aom" />