Editing Microorganism (section)

===Science===
{{See also|Genetically modified bacteria}}
[[File:Biofermentor.jpeg|thumb|A laboratory [[fermentation]] vessel]]

Microorganisms are essential tools in [[biotechnology]], [[biochemistry]], [[genetics]], and [[molecular biology]]. The [[yeast]]s ''[[Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]'' and ''[[Schizosaccharomyces pombe]]'' are important [[model organism]]s in science, since they are simple eukaryotes that can be grown rapidly in large numbers and are easily manipulated.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Castrillo, J. I. |author2=Oliver, S. G. |title=Yeast as a touchstone in post-genomic research: strategies for integrative analysis in functional genomics |journal=J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=93–106 |year=2004 |pmid=14761307 |doi=10.5483/BMBRep.2004.37.1.093 |doi-access=free }}</ref> They are particularly valuable in [[genetics]], [[genomics]] and [[proteomics]].<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Suter, B. |author2=Auerbach, D. |author3=Stagljar, I. |title=Yeast-based functional genomics and proteomics technologies: the first 15 years and beyond |journal=BioTechniques |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=625–644 |year=2006 |pmid=16708762 |doi=10.2144/000112151|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |author=Sunnerhagen, P. |title=Prospects for functional genomics in Schizosaccharomyces pombe |journal=Curr. Genet. |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=73–84 |year=2002 |pmid=12478386 |doi=10.1007/s00294-002-0335-6|s2cid=22067347 }}</ref> Microorganisms can be harnessed for uses such as creating steroids and treating skin diseases. Scientists are also considering using microorganisms for living [[fuel cells]],<ref>{{Cite book| title=Microbes: A Source of Energy for 21st Century| author=Soni, S. K. | publisher=New India Publishing | year=2007 | isbn=978-81-89422-14-1}}</ref> and as a solution for pollution.<ref>{{Cite book| title=Biotechnology: The Science and the Business | author=Moses, Vivian | publisher=CRC Press | year=1999 | page=563 | isbn=978-90-5702-407-8|display-authors=etal}}</ref>