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===Pakistan=== {{Main|Military coups in Pakistan}} Martial law was declared in [[Pakistan]] on 7 October 1958, by President [[Iskander Mirza]] who then appointed General [[Ayub Khan (general)|Muhammad Ayub Khan]] as the Chief Martial Law Administrator and Aziz Ahmad as Secretary General and Deputy Chief Martial Law Administrator. However, three weeks later General Ayub—who had been openly questioning the authority of the government before the imposition of martial law—deposed Iskandar Mirza on 27 October 1958 and assumed the presidency that practically formalized the militarization of the political system in Pakistan. Four years later a new document, Constitution of 1962, was adopted. The second martial law was imposed on 25 March 1969 by Yahya Khan, when President Yahya Khan abrogated the Constitution of 1962 and Ayub Khan handed over power to the Army Commander-in-Chief, General [[Yahya Khan|Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan]]. On assuming the presidency, General Yahya Khan acceded to popular demands by abolishing the one-unit system in West Pakistan and ordered general elections on the principle of one man one vote. The civilian martial law was imposed by [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]], the first civilian to hold this post in Pakistan after the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]. On 21 December 1971, Bhutto took this post as well as that of President. It was the first civilian martial law. The third was imposed by the General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]] on 5 July 1977. After several tumultuous years, which witnessed the secession of [[East Pakistan]] to form Bangladesh, politician [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] took over in 1971 as the first civilian martial law administrator in recent history, imposing selective martial law in areas hostile to his rule, such as the country's largest province, [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan]]. Following widespread [[civil disorder]], General Zia overthrew Bhutto and imposed martial law in its totality on 5 July 1977, in a bloodless [[coup d'état]]. Unstable areas were brought under control through indirect [[military action]], such as Balochistan under Martial Law Governor, General [[Rahimuddin Khan]]. Civilian government resumed in 1988 following General Zia's death in an aircraft crash. On 12 October 1999, the government of Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]] was dissolved, and the Army took control once more. A fourth martial law was imposed. General [[Pervez Musharraf]] took the title of [[Chief Executive]] until the [[President of Pakistan]] [[Rafiq Tarar]] resigned and General Musharraf became president. Elections were held in October 2002 and [[Zafarullah Khan Jamali|Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali]] became [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]. Jamali's premiership was followed by [[Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain]] and [[Shaukat Aziz]]. While the government was supposed to be run by an elected prime minister, there was a common understanding that important decisions were made by the President General Musharraf. General Pervez Musharraf pointed out it as an emergency, not Martial Law. The Constitution, Parliament and Provincial Assemblies were suspended and Musharraf issued "Proclamation of Emergency" on 14 October 1999. On 3 November 2007, President General Musharraf declared the state of emergency in the country which is claimed to be equivalent to the state of martial law as the constitution of Pakistan of 1973 was suspended, and the Chief Justices of the Supreme Court were fired. On 12 November 2007, Musharraf issued some amendments in the Military Act, which gave the armed forces some additional powers.
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