Editing Majapahit (section)

===Religion===
{{Hinduism in Indonesia}}
[[File:Candi Jawi.jpg|thumb|right|[[Jawi Temple]], a syncretic Hindu-Buddhist temple of Shiva-Buddha cult, dated from late 13th century Singhasari kingdom, which later renovated and preserved during the Majapahit period]]
[[Buddhism]], [[Shaivism]], and [[Vaishnavism]] were all practised: the king was regarded as the incarnation of the three. The ''Nagarakretagama'' however, does not mention [[Islam]], but there were certainly Muslim courtiers by this time.<ref name=ricklefs />{{rp|page=19}}

[[Hinduism]] and [[Buddhism]] already shaped the Javanese civilisation, religion, and spiritualism since the earlier era, from the 9th century [[Mataram Kingdom]], Kahuripan, Kadiri, to Singhasari kingdom. It seems that both Hinduism and Buddhism are widely practised by Majapahit subjects. Nevertheless, native Javanese [[shamanism]] possibly still exist and practised in peripheral rural regions.

[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Gouden reliëf met de voorstelling van Sutasoma gedragen door Kalmasapada TMnr 2960-319.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Gold figure from the Majapahit period representing [[Sutasoma]] being borne by the man-eater [[Kalmashapada|Kalmasapada]]]]
The monarch and most of the royal family adhered to Hinduism, with certain emphasis on the cult of their own preferred main deity, either [[Shivaism|Shiva]], [[Vaishnavism|Vishnu]], [[Durga]] or other deities. The first king of Majapahit, [[Raden Wijaya|Kertarajasa Jayawardhana]] was posthumously portrayed as [[Harihara]], the god combination of Shiva and Vishnu, in his mortuary temple in Candi Simping. [[Mahayana Buddhism]] however, was also favoured by the royal family and officials of Majapahit. For example, the queen of Majapahit [[Gayatri Rajapatni]] and [[Gajah Mada]] are known as Buddhists.<ref name="Kompas.com-Gajah Mada">{{Cite web |last=Utomo |first=Yunanto Wiji|date=2017-06-22 |title=Agama Gajah Mada dan Majapahit yang Sebenarnya Akhirnya Diungkap |url=https://sains.kompas.com/read/xml/2017/06/22/190852523/agama.gajah.mada.dan.majapahit.yang.sebenarnya.akhirnya.diungkap |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref> Gayatri later posthumously portrayed as [[Prajnaparamita]].

The state religion however, was possibly the ''Siwa Buddha'', the Javanese [[syncretism]] of Shaivism and Buddhism, which emphasise the similarity between Shiva and Buddha which both described as [[ascetics]] and spiritual teacher. The spiritual circumstances of Majapahit, seems to promote the harmony between the adherents of Shiva and Buddha. As demonstrated in the manuscript [[Sutasoma]] written in the 14th century by [[Mpu Tantular]] which promotes the religious tolerance between the Hinduism and Buddhism, specifically promote the syncretic Shiva-Buddha doctrine.<ref name="Siva-Buddha"/>

During the Majapahit period, religious teaching played an important role in the society. The religious education could be done individually within households of [[kshatriya]] nobles and [[brahmana]] religious elites, or in a centre for religious teaching which resembles [[ashram]] or boarding school called ''Mandala'' or ''Kadewaguruan''. A ''Kadewaguruan'' was usually located in remote areas far from habitation places, such as quiet forest, on hills or mountainous region. A ''Kadewaguruan'' is led by a [[Maharishi|mahāresi]] or high priest, who is also known as śiddharesi or dewaguru; hence the education centre is called ''Kadewaguruan''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Santiko |first=Hariani |title=Agama Dan Pendidikan Agama Pada Masa Majapahit |journal= Jurnal Arkeologi, Kementerian Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan |url=https://jurnalarkeologi.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/amerta/article/view/393 |language=en-US}}</ref>