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== Academic profile == === Admissions === {| class="floatright" | {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; text-align:center; margin-bottom: 5px" |+UCAS Admission Statistics ! !2024 !2023 !2022 !2021 !2020 |- | '''Applications'''{{efn-lg|name=mainscheme}}<ref name=UCASEoC>{{cite web |title=UCAS Undergraduate Sector-Level End of Cycle Data Resources 2024 |url=https://www.ucas.com/data-and-analysis/undergraduate-statistics-and-reports/ucas-undergraduate-end-cycle-data-resources-2024 |at=Show me... Domicile by Provider |website=ucas.com |date=December 2024 |publisher=UCAS |access-date=7 February 2025}}</ref> | 28,195 | 26,240 | 26,625 | 25,845 | 22,115 |- | '''Accepted'''{{efn-lg|name=mainscheme}}<ref name=UCASEoC/> | 1,945 | 1,815 | 2,150 | 1,715 | 2,245 |- | '''Applications/Accepted Ratio'''{{efn-lg|name=mainscheme}} | 14.5 | 14.5 | 12.4 | 15.1 | 9.9 |- | '''Offer Rate (%)'''{{efn-lg|name=ukjune}}<ref name="UCAS Offer Rate">{{cite web|title=2024 entry UCAS Undergraduate reports by sex, area background, and ethnic group|date=7 February 2025|url=https://www.ucas.com/data-and-analysis/undergraduate-statistics-and-reports/ucas-undergraduate-end-cycle-data-resources-2024/2024-entry-ucas-undergraduate-reports-sex-area-background-and-ethnic-group|publisher=[[UCAS]]|access-date=7 February 2025}}</ref> | 21.0 | 20.6 | 26.1 | 21.9 | 36.5 |- | '''[[UCAS Tariff|Average Entry Tariff]]'''<ref name="CUG Entry">{{Cite web | url=https://www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk/league-tables/rankings?tabletype=full-table&sortby=entry-standards | title=University League Tables entry standards 2024 | work=The Complete University Guide | access-date=7 June 2023 }}</ref> | {{n/a}} | {{n/a}} | {{n/a}} | 195 | 193 |} {| style="font-size:80%;float:left" |{{notelist-lg|refs= {{efn-lg|name=mainscheme|Main scheme applications, International and UK}} {{efn-lg|name=ukjune|UK domiciled applicants}} }} |} |} {| class="wikitable floatright sortable collapsible mw-collapsible"; style="font-size:85%; text-align:right;" |+ class="nowrap" |HESA Student Body Composition (2023/24) |- !Domicile<ref name="Table 1">{{cite web|url=https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/students/table-1|title=HE student enrolments by HE provider, permanent address, level of study, mode of study, entrant marker, sex and academic year|publisher=[[Higher Education Statistics Agency|HESA]]|access-date=3 April 2025}}</ref> and Ethnicity<ref name="HESA ethnicity">{{cite web|url=https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/students/whos-in-he/characteristics|title=Who's studying in HE?: Personal characteristics|date=3 April 2025|publisher=[[Higher Education Statistics Agency|HESA]]|access-date=3 April 2025}}</ref> ! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Total |- |[[White people in the United Kingdom|British White]]{{efn|Not be confused solely with [[White British]]}} |align=right| {{bartable|16|%|2||background:red}} |- |[[Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom#Collective terms for minority ethnic groups|British Ethnic Minorities]]{{efn|Includes those who indicate that they identify as [[British Asian|Asian]], [[Black British people|Black]], [[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed Heritage]], [[British Arabs|Arab]] or any other ethnicity except White.}} |align=right| {{bartable|20|%|2||background:green}} |- |[[European Union|International EU]] |align=right| {{bartable|13|%|2||background:blue}} |- |[[International students in the United Kingdom|International Non-EU]] |align=right| {{bartable|51|%|2||background:gray}} |- ! colspan="4" data-sort-type=number |Undergraduate [[Widening participation|Widening Participation]] Indicators<ref name="Table 1"/><ref name="Times25">{{cite web |date=24 September 2024 |title=Good University Guide: Social Inclusion Ranking |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk-university-rankings/league-table |work=[[The Times]]}}</ref> |- |[[Feminism in the United Kingdom#Education|Female]] |align=right| {{bartable|53|%|2||background:purple}} |- |[[Private schools in the United Kingdom|Independent School]] |align=right| {{bartable|26|%|2||background:orange}} |- |Low Participation Areas{{efn|Calculated from the Polar4 measure, using Quintile1, in England and Wales. Calculated from the [[Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation]] (SIMD) measure, using SIMD20, in Scotland.}} |align=right| {{bartable|7|%|2||background:black}} |} [[File:LSE-mosa.jpg|thumb|St Clement's Building]] In 2024, The London School of Economics received 28,000 applications for roughly 1,850 undergraduate places or 15 applicants per place.<ref name="Applications">{{cite web |title=LSE Undergraduate |url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/Undergraduate/Prospective-Students/How-to-Apply/entry-requirements |access-date=18 September 2024}}</ref> All undergraduate applications, including international applications, are made through [[UCAS]].<ref name="Applications" /> LSE had the 8th highest average entry qualification for undergraduates of any UK university in 2021β22, with new students averaging 195 [[UCAS Tariff|UCAS points]], equivalent to just over AAAA in [[GCE Advanced Level (United Kingdom)|A-level]] grades.<ref name="CUG Entry"/> The university gave offers of admission to roughly 12.2% of its undergraduate applicants in 2023, one of the lowest offer rates across the UK. Bsc Economics is the most competitive undergraduate course at the LSE with over 4000 applications for just over 200 places. LLB in Laws comes second with 2600 applications for just over 170 places.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cambridge to scrap 'unjust' state school targets|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/03/11/cambridge-to-scrap-state-school-targets/|publisher=The Telegraph|access-date=11 March 2024|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331190103/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/03/11/cambridge-to-scrap-state-school-targets/|archive-date=31 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=LSE Applications, Offers and Entrants |url=https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/lseplanningdivision/viz/ApplicationsOffersandEntrants/About |access-date=2024-06-26 |website=public.tableau.com}}</ref> Prospective Postgraduate students applying to the LSE are required to have a first or upper second Class UK [[honours degree]], or its foreign equivalent, for master's degrees, while direct entry to the MPhil/PhD programme requires a UK taught master's with merit, or foreign equivalent. Admission to the diploma requires a UK degree or equivalent plus relevant experience.<ref>{{cite web|title=Entry requirements|url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/Graduate/Prospective-students/Entry-requirements|access-date=27 May 2021|publisher=London School of Economics|archive-date=27 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527104112/https://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/Graduate/Prospective-students/Entry-requirements|url-status=live}}</ref> The intake to applications ratio for postgraduate degree programmes is very competitive; the MSc Financial Mathematics had a ratio of just over 4% in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=MSc Financial Mathematics|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/study/graduate/taughtProgrammes2017/MScFinancialMathematics.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126091038/http://www.lse.ac.uk/study/graduate/taughtProgrammes2017/MScFinancialMathematics.aspx|archive-date=26 November 2016|access-date=15 January 2017|publisher=London School of Economics|quote=Intake/applications in 2016: 26/623}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=MSc Political Economy of Europe|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/study/graduate/taughtProgrammes2017/MScPoliticalEconomyOfEurope.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308175137/http://www.lse.ac.uk/study/graduate/taughtProgrammes2017/MScPoliticalEconomyOfEurope.aspx|archive-date=8 March 2017|access-date=15 January 2017|publisher=London School of Economics|quote=Intake/applications in 2016: 83/208}}</ref> 31.6% of LSE's undergraduates are [[Independent school (United Kingdom)|privately educated]], the 9th highest proportion amongst mainstream British universities.<ref>{{cite web|title=Widening participation: UK Performance Indicators 2016/17|url=https://www.hesa.ac.uk/news/01-02-2018/widening-participation-tables|website=hesa.ac.uk|publisher=Higher Education Statistics Authority|access-date=1 February 2018|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027015313/https://www.hesa.ac.uk/news/01-02-2018/widening-participation-tables|url-status=live}}</ref> In the 2016-17 academic year, the university had a domicile breakdown of 33:18:50 of UK:EU:non-EU students respectively with a female-to-male ratio of 52:47.<ref>{{cite web|title=Where do HE students study?|url=https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/students/where-study#provider|website=hesa.ac.uk|publisher=Higher Education Statistics Authority|access-date=9 February 2018|archive-date=3 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103181040/https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/students/where-study#provider|url-status=live}}</ref> === Programmes and degrees === {{as of|2024|post=,}} the school offers over 40 undergraduate programmes,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/Assets/PDF/Prospectus-and-Brochures/undergraduate-guide.pdf|title=Undergraduate Guide 2025/26|website=LSE|page=6|access-date=17 December 2024}}</ref> over 140 taught master's programmes, and research master's and PhD programmes.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/Assets/PDF/Prospectus-and-Brochures/graduate-guide.pdf|title=Graduate Guide 2025/26|website=LSE|page=13|access-date=17 December 2024}}</ref> Subjects pioneered in Britain by LSE include [[accountancy]] and [[sociology]], and the school also employed Britain's first full-time lecturer in economic history.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsehistory/2017/12/27/pioneers-of-the-social-sciences/|last=Reed|first=Hayley|date=27 December 2017|title=Pioneers of the social sciences|newspaper=Lse History |publisher=London School of Economics|access-date=22 October 2021|archive-date=22 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022040715/https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsehistory/2017/12/27/pioneers-of-the-social-sciences/|url-status=live}}</ref> Courses are split across more than thirty research centres and nineteen departments, plus a Language Centre.<ref>{{cite web|date=27 May 2021|title=LSE Language Centre|url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/language-centre|access-date=27 May 2021|publisher=London School of Economics|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624185128/https://www.lse.ac.uk/language-centre|url-status=live}}</ref> In partnership with the federal University of London, LSE oversees nine BSc programmes as the lead institution which designs the curriculum.<ref>{{Cite web |author=London School of Economics and Political Science |title=Study Online |url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/uolip/online-taught-programmes/home.aspx |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=London School of Economics and Political Science |language=en-GB |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710221229/https://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/uolip/online-taught-programmes |url-status=live }}</ref> Students who chose to study online experience the same unique academic experience as on-campus, they are considered a part of LSE community and they have a variety of options to interact with their university, such as the LSE general course.<ref>{{Cite web |author=London School of Economics and Political Science |title=Opportunities to study at LSE |url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/uolip/opportunities-to-study-at-lse.aspx |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=London School of Economics and Political Science |language=en-GB |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710221245/https://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/uolip/opportunities-to-study-at-lse |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Holborn, John Watkins Plaza, London School of Economics - geograph.org.uk - 668683.jpg|thumb|John Watkins Plaza at the London School of Economics]]Since programmes are all within the social sciences, they closely resemble each other, and undergraduate students usually take at least one course module in a subject outside of their degree for their first and second years of study, promoting a broader education in the social sciences.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Summer: London School of Economics (Summer School) (LSE) {{!}} Rutgers |url=https://global.rutgers.edu/program-search/details/summer-london-school-economics-summer-school-lse |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=global.rutgers.edu |archive-date=7 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162749/https://global.rutgers.edu/program-search/details/summer-london-school-economics-summer-school-lse |url-status=live }}</ref> At undergraduate level, some departments have as few as 90 students across the three years of study.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}} Since September 2010,{{citation needed|date=January 2017}} it has been compulsory for first year undergraduates to participate in LSE 100: Understanding the Causes of Things alongside normal studies.<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=27 May 2021|title=LSE 100: The LSE Course|url=https://info.lse.ac.uk/current-students/lse100|access-date=27 May 2021|website=London School of Economics|archive-date=27 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527110141/https://info.lse.ac.uk/current-students/lse100|url-status=live}}</ref> From 1902, following its absorption into the [[University of London]], until 2007, all degrees were awarded by the federal university in common with all other colleges of the university. This system was changed in 2007 to enable some colleges to award their own degrees.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}} LSE was granted the power to begin awarding its own degrees from July 2008.<ref name=AcademicDress/> All students entering from the 2007β08 academic year onwards received an LSE degree, while students who started before this date were issued University of London degrees.<ref>{{cite web|title=LSE Degree Certificates|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/intranet/students/registrationTimetablesAssessment/certificatesDocsLetters/DegreeCertificate.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521220344/http://www.lse.ac.uk/intranet/students/registrationTimetablesAssessment/certificatesDocsLetters/DegreeCertificate.aspx|archive-date=21 May 2017|access-date=16 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/london-trio-to-award-their-own-degrees/207945.article|title=London trio to award their own degrees|date=23 February 2007|newspaper=Times Higher Education (THE)|access-date=16 January 2017|archive-date=18 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118073210/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/london-trio-to-award-their-own-degrees/207945.article|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/jul/30/highereducation.administration|title=Break-up threat to University of London|last=Curtis|first=Polly|date=30 July 2005|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=16 January 2017|archive-date=18 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118082408/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/jul/30/highereducation.administration|url-status=live}}</ref> In conjunction with [[NYU Stern]] and [[HEC Paris]], LSE also offers the [[TRIUM EMBA|TRIUM Executive MBA]]. This was globally ranked third among executive MBAs by the ''[[Financial Times]]'' in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.triumemba.org/trium-life/news/trium-ranking-financial-times-2016/|title=TRIUM Ranked #3 Executive MBA by Financial Times 2016|work=triumemba.org|date=18 October 2016|access-date=15 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909232835/https://www.triumemba.org/trium-life/news/trium-ranking-financial-times-2016/|archive-date=9 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Research === According to the 2021 [[Research Excellence Framework]], the London School of Economics was rated joint third (along with the University of Cambridge) in the UK for the quality (GPA) of its research.<ref>{{cite web |title=REF 2021: Quality ratings hit new high in expanded assessment |date=12 May 2022 |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/ref-2021-research-excellence-framework-results-announced |publisher=Times Higher Education |access-date=18 February 2023 |archive-date=14 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614151200/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/ref-2021-research-excellence-framework-results-announced |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 2014 Research Excellence Framework, LSE had the joint highest percentage of world-leading research among research submitted of any institution that entered more than one unit of assessment<ref name=THEREF2014>{{cite news | url=https://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/sites/default/files/Attachments/2014/12/17/k/a/s/over-14-01.pdf | work=Times Higher Education | location=London | title=REF Results Table | date=17 December 2014 | access-date=16 October 2015 | archive-date=23 June 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623012324/https://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/sites/default/files/Attachments/2014/12/17/k/a/s/over-14-01.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> and was ranked third by cumulative grade point average with a score of 3.35, beating both University of Oxford and University of Cambridge.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/ref-2014-results-table-of-excellence/2017590.article | work=Times Higher Education | location=London | title=REF Table of Excellence | date=17 December 2014 | access-date=16 October 2015 | archive-date=15 December 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215101946/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/ref-2014-results-table-of-excellence/2017590.article | url-status=live }}</ref> It was ranked 23rd in the country for research power by [[Research Fortnight]] based on its REF 2014 results, and 28th in research power by the [[Times Higher Education]].<ref name=THEREF2014/><ref name=ResearchPower>{{cite news|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=13 December 2014|title=University Research Excellence Framework 2014 β the full rankings|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/ng-interactive/2014/dec/18/university-research-excellence-framework-2014-full-rankings|access-date=15 January 2017|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140152/https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/ng-interactive/2014/dec/18/university-research-excellence-framework-2014-full-rankings|url-status=live}}</ref> This followed the [[Research Assessment Exercise]] in 2008 where the school was placed second equal nationally on GPA, first for fraction of world-leading (4*) research and fourth for fraction of world-leading or internationally excellent (3* and 4*) research in LSE's analysis of the results,<ref>{{cite web|date=25 November 2009|title=Research Assessment Exercise 2008 β RAE 2008 β Research and expertise β Home|url=http://www2.lse.ac.uk/researchAndExpertise/RAE2008/home.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231131514/http://www2.lse.ac.uk/researchAndExpertise/RAE2008/home.aspx|archive-date=31 December 2010|access-date=26 April 2010|publisher=London School of Economics}}</ref> fourth equal for GPA and 29th for research power in Times Higher Education's analysis,<ref name=THEREF2014/> and 27th in research power by Research Fortnight's analysis.<ref name=ResearchPower/> According to analysis of the REF 2014 subject results by Times Higher Education, the school is the UK's leading research university in terms of GPA of research submitted in business and management; area studies; and communication, cultural and media studies, library and information management, and second in law; politics and international studies; economics and econometrics; and social work and social policy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/sites/default/files/Attachments/2014/12/17/g/o/l/sub-14-01.pdf |title=THE REF 2014 Subject Table |work=Times Higher Education |access-date=16 October 2015 |archive-date=23 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623005452/https://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/sites/default/files/Attachments/2014/12/17/g/o/l/sub-14-01.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:HoughtonStreet.jpg|thumb|Houghton Street is the centre of the LSE campus.]] ==== Research centres ==== The school houses a number of centres including the [[Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion]], the [[Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy]], the Centre for Macroeconomics, the Centre for Economic Performance, LSE Health and Social Care, the Financial Markets Group (founded by former [[Bank of England]] governor [[Mervyn King, Baron King of Lothbury|Sir Mervyn King]]), the [[Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment]] (chaired by [[Nicholas Stern|Lord Stern]]), [[LSE Cities]], the UK [[Department for International Development]] funded [[International Growth Centre]] and one of the six the UK government-backed 'What Works Centres' β the What Works Centre for Local Economic Growth. The [[Greater London Group]] was an influential research centre within LSE from the late 1950s on, before being subsumed into the [[LSE London]] research group.<ref>{{cite book | editor-last=Kochan | editor-first=Ben | date=2008 | title=London government 50 years of debate: The contribution of LSE's Greater London Group | publisher=London School of Economics | first=George | last=Jones | chapter=The Greater London Group after 50 years | pages=15β22 | chapter-url=http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/63374/1/Kockan_London_Government_50_Years_of_Debate.pdf | access-date=26 January 2019 | archive-date=1 November 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101134603/http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/63374/1/Kockan_London_Government_50_Years_of_Debate.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> In February 2015, [[Angelina Jolie]] and [[William Hague]] launched the UK's first academic Centre on Women, Peace and Security, based at the school. The centre aims to contribute to global women's rights issues, including violence against women and women's engagement in politics, through academic research, a post-graduate teaching program, public engagement, and collaboration with international organisations.<ref name="Guardian02-15">{{cite news |last1=Topping |first1=Alexandra |last2=Borger |first2=Julian |date=10 February 2015 |title=Angelina Jolie opens UK centre to fight warzone violence against women |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/feb/10/angelina-jolie-opens-london-centre-to-combat-warzone-violence-against-women |url-status=live |access-date=10 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210170316/http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/feb/10/angelina-jolie-opens-london-centre-to-combat-warzone-violence-against-women |archive-date=10 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web |date=10 February 2015 |title=New Centre for Women, Peace and Security launched at LSE by William Hague and Angelina Jolie Pitt |url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/newsAndMedia/news/archives/2015/02/WPSCentre.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210190842/http://www.lse.ac.uk/newsAndMedia/news/archives/2015/02/WPSCentre.aspx |archive-date=10 February 2015 |access-date=10 February 2015 |publisher=London School of Economics}}</ref> Furthermore, in May 2016 it was announced that Jolie-Pitt and Hague would join [[Jane Connors]] and Madeleine Rees as visiting professors in practice from September 2016.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 May 2016 |title=LSE Centre for Women, Peace and Security appoints New Visiting Professors in Practice |url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/newsAndMedia/news/archives/2016/05/WPS-Visiting-Professors-in-Practice.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524104047/http://www.lse.ac.uk/newsAndMedia/news/archives/2016/05/WPS-Visiting-Professors-in-Practice.aspx |archive-date=24 May 2016 |access-date=21 August 2017 |website=London School of Economics}}</ref> ====LSE IDEAS==== [[LSE IDEAS]] is a foreign policy think tank at the London School of Economics and Political Science. IDEAS was founded as a think tank for Diplomacy and Strategy in February 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |author=London School of Economics and Political Science |title=About LSE IDEAS |url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/ideas/about/home.aspx |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=London School of Economics and Political Science |language=en-GB |archive-date=17 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917174012/https://www.lse.ac.uk/ideas/about |url-status=live }}</ref> It was founded by Professor Michael Cox and Professor Arne Westad. In 2015 it was jointly ranked as world's second-best university think tank for the third year running alongside the LSE Public Policy Group, after [[Harvard University]]'s [[Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=LSE IDEAS and Public Policy Group ranked 2nd best university think tank in the world β 01 β 2015 β News archives β News and media β Website archive β Home|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/website-archive/newsAndMedia/news/archives/2015/01/ThinkTankRankings.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703224021/http://www.lse.ac.uk/website-archive/newsAndMedia/news/archives/2015/01/ThinkTankRankings.aspx|archive-date=3 July 2017|access-date=3 June 2017|website=London School of Economics}}</ref> === Partnerships === LSE has academic partnerships in teaching and research with six universities β with [[Columbia University]] in New York City and [[University of California, Berkeley]], in Asia with [[Peking University]] in Beijing and the [[National University of Singapore]], in Africa with the [[University of Cape Town]], and Europe with [[Sciences Po Paris|Sciences Po]] in Paris.<ref>{{cite web|title=LSE Academic partners|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/intranet/LSEServices/academicPartnerships/partnerInstitutions.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810004731/http://www.lse.ac.uk/intranet/LSEServices/academicPartnerships/partnerInstitutions.aspx|archive-date=10 August 2016|access-date=10 August 2016}}</ref> Together they offer a range of double or joint degree programmes including an MA in International and World History (with Columbia) and an MSc in international affairs with [[Peking University]], with graduates earning degrees from both institutions.<ref>{{cite web|date=|title=Masters programmes|url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/International-History/Degrees/Masters|access-date=27 May 2021|publisher=London School of Economics|archive-date=15 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615124352/https://www.lse.ac.uk/International-History/Degrees/Masters|url-status=live}}</ref> The school also offers joint degrees for specific departments with various other universities including [[Fudan University]] in Shanghai, [[University of Southern California|USC]] in Los Angeles and a Global Studies programme which is offered with a consortium of four European universities β [[University of Leipzig|Leipzig]], [[University of Vienna|Vienna]], [[University of Roskilde|Roskilde]] and [[University of Wroclaw|Wroclaw]]. It offers the TRIUM Global Executive MBA programme<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.triumemba.org/ |title=TRIUM Global Executive MBA, top-ranked alliance of NYU Stern, LSE and HEC Paris |publisher=Triumemba.org |access-date=26 April 2010 |archive-date=4 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804024103/http://www.triumemba.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> jointly with [[Stern School of Business]] of [[New York University]] and [[HEC School of Management]], Paris. It is divided into six modules held in five international business locations over a 16-month period. LSE also offers a Dual [[Master of Public Administration]] (MPA) with Global Public Policy Network schools such as Sciences Po Paris,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mpa.sciences-po.fr/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211205250/http://www.mpa.sciences-po.fr/|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 December 2004|title=Master of Public Affairs|date=28 September 2016}}</ref> the [[Hertie School of Governance]] and [[National University of Singapore]], and a dual MPA-[[Master of International Affairs|Master of Global Affairs]] (MGA) degree with the [[University of Toronto]]'s [[Munk School of Global Affairs]].<ref>{{Cite web |author=London School of Economics and Political Science |title=LSE-University of Toronto Double Degree (Master of Public Administration/Master of Global Affairs) |url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/Graduate/degree-programmes-2022/LSE-Toronto-Double-Degree-MPA-Master-Global-Affairs/Home.aspx |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=London School of Economics and Political Science |language=en-GB |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710221229/https://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/Graduate/degree-programmes-2023/LSE-Toronto-Double-Degree-MPA-Master-Global-Affairs |url-status=live }}</ref> The school also runs exchange programmes with a number of international business schools through the Global Master's in Management programme and an undergraduate student exchange programme with the [[University of California, Berkeley]] in Political Science. LSE is the only UK member school in the CEMS Alliance, and the LSE Global Master's in Management is the only programme in the UK to offer the CEMS Master's in International Management (CEMS MIM) as a double degree option, allowing students to study at one of 34 CEMS partner universities.<ref>{{cite web|title=Global Master's in Management|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/Graduate/Degree-programmes-2018/Global-Masters-Management|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926083141/https://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/Graduate/Degree-programmes-2018/Global-Masters-Management|archive-date=26 September 2018|access-date=27 October 2018|publisher=London School of Economics}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/MES/programmes/mastersProgrammes/imex/Default.htm |title=IMEX programme |publisher=London School of Economics |access-date=26 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203064100/http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/MES/programmes/mastersProgrammes/imex/Default.htm |archive-date=3 February 2009 }}</ref> It also participates in Key Action 1 of the [[European Union]]-wide [[Erasmus+]] programme, encouraging staff and student mobility for teaching, although not the other Key Actions in the programme.<ref>{{cite web|title=Erasmus at LSE|url=https://info.lse.ac.uk/current-students/services/erasmus|access-date=27 May 2021|publisher=London School of Economics|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413132547/https://info.lse.ac.uk/current-students/services/erasmus|url-status=live}}</ref> The school is a member of the [[Association of Commonwealth Universities]], the [[European University Association]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eua.be/|title=The European University Association Home Page|access-date=13 April 2009|archive-date=29 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829081709/http://www.eua.be/|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[G5 (universities)|G5]], the [[Global Alliance in Management Education]], the [[Russell Group]] and [[Universities UK]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Universities UK Home Page|url=https://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/|access-date=27 May 2021|archive-date=24 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524154224/https://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/|url-status=live}}</ref> and is sometimes considered part of the [[Golden triangle (universities)|'Golden Triangle']] of universities in south-east England, along with the [[University of Oxford]], the [[University of Cambridge]], [[University College London]], [[Imperial College London]], and [[King's College London]].<ref name="Golden Opportunities">{{cite journal|url = http://www.nature.com/naturejobs/2005/050707/full/nj7047-144a.html|title = Golden opportunities|volume = 436|issue = 7047|pages = 144β147|first = Paul|last = Smaglik|doi = 10.1038/nj7047-144a|access-date = 19 October 2010|journal = Nature|date = 6 July 2005|pmid = 16007735|s2cid = 20623727|trans-title = 1 January 2017|archive-date = 17 November 2010|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101117163616/http://www.nature.com/naturejobs/2005/050707/full/nj7047-144a.html|url-status = live}}(Names Oxford, Cambridge, UCL, Imperial and King's but not LSE)</ref><ref name=Savage2015>{{cite book|title=Social Class in the 21st Century|last=Savage|first=Mike|date=5 November 2015|publisher=Penguin|quote="Higher education researchers often talk about a 'Golden Triangle' of universities. The 'triangle' describes an imaginary three-sided shape with corners in Oxford, Cambridge and London. The exact composition of the London 'corner' can vary, but typically it includes the London School of Economics, King's College London, University College London and Imperial College London."|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TE3ZCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT167|page=167|isbn=9780141978925|access-date=15 January 2017|archive-date=4 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404144440/https://books.google.com/books?id=TE3ZCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT167|url-status=live}}(Names Oxford Cambridge and 'typically' LSE, King's, UCL and Imperial)</ref><ref name=OECD08>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oshFutmvGe8C&pg=PA222|title=OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation, North of England, UK|publisher=OECD|date=2008|page=222|quote="The "Golden Triangle" of ... the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Imperial College and University College of London ..."|isbn=9789264048942|access-date=15 January 2017|archive-date=4 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404144530/https://books.google.com/books?id=oshFutmvGe8C&pg=PA222|url-status=live}} (Names Oxford, Cambridge, UCL and Imperial but not LSE)</ref><ref name=BBC2014>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/education-24367153 |title=London top city in global 'university rankings |work=BBC News |date=3 October 2013 |access-date=26 February 2014 |archive-date=11 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311091601/http://www.bbc.com/news/education-24367153 |url-status=live }}(Names Oxford, Cambridge, UCL, Imperial, King's and LSE)</ref> LSE's European Institute offers a Double Degree in European and International Public Policy and Politics with [[Bocconi University]] in Milan.<ref>"[https://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/Graduate/degree-programmes-2022/LSE-Bocconi-Double-Degree-European-International-Public-Policy-and-Politics LSE-Bocconi Double Degree in European and International Public Policy and Politics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401114259/https://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/Graduate/degree-programmes-2022/LSE-Bocconi-Double-Degree-European-International-Public-Policy-and-Politics |date=1 April 2022 }}". London School of Economics. Retrieved 15 March 2022.</ref> === Libraries and archives === {{Main|British Library of Political and Economic Science|Women's Library|LSE Shaw Library}}[[File:Lse library interior.jpg|thumb|right|The interior of the main LSE library, designed by [[Norman Foster (architect)|Norman Foster]]]]LSE's main library, the [[British Library of Political and Economic Science]], is located in the [[Lionel Robbins]] Building, which reopened in 2001 following a two-year renovation by [[Foster and Partners]]. Founded in 1896, it is the world's largest library dedicated to social sciences and the United Kingdom's national social sciences library.<ref name="Science">{{Cite web |author=London School of Economics and Political Science |title=History of LSE Library |url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/library/about/history-of-lse-library.aspx |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=London School of Economics and Political Science |language=en-GB |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710221228/https://www.lse.ac.uk/library/about/history-of-lse-library |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New British Library of Political and Economic Science at the LSE Opens |publisher=Foster + Partners |url=https://www.fosterandpartners.com/news/archive/2001/07/new-british-library-of-political-and-economic-science-at-the-lse-opens/ |access-date=2022-03-31 |language=en |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118050540/https://www.fosterandpartners.com/news/archive/2001/07/new-british-library-of-political-and-economic-science-at-the-lse-opens/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Its collections are recognised for their national and international significance and hold 'Designation' status by the [[Museums, Libraries and Archives Council]] (MLA).<ref>{{Cite web |title=LSE Library on JSTOR |url=https://www.jstor.org/publisher/lselib |access-date=2022-03-30 |archive-date=30 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330125856/https://www.jstor.org/publisher/lselib |url-status=live }}</ref> The library welcomes 1.8 million visits per year by students, staff, and the public and contains over 4 million print volumes, 60,000 online journals, and 29,000 electronic books.<ref>{{cite web|title=LSE Library annual report 2012/13|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/library/about/news/annualReport/home.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219214129/http://www.lse.ac.uk/library/about/news/annualReport/home.aspx|archive-date=19 December 2013|access-date=19 December 2013|publisher=London School of Economics}}</ref> The Digital Library contains digitised material from LSE Library collections and also [[born-digital]] material that has been collected and preserved in digital formats.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://digital.library.lse.ac.uk/|title=Welcome to the digital library|access-date=19 December 2013|publisher=London School of Economics|archive-date=19 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219183703/http://digital.library.lse.ac.uk/|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Women's Library]], Britain's main library and archive on women and the [[women's movement]], is located in a purpose-built facility with a reading room and exhibition space in the Lionel Robbins Building. The library relocated from [[London Metropolitan University]] in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kennedy |first=Maev |date=2014-03-10 |title=Women's Library to reopen doors at London School of Economics |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/10/womens-library-reopen-london-school-economics-lse |access-date=2021-03-11 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=10 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410203105/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/10/womens-library-reopen-london-school-economics-lse |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=12 May 2010 |title=Visitors' Library Guide |url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/library/guides/VisitorsLibraryGuide.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327092321/http://www.lse.ac.uk/library/guides/VisitorsLibraryGuide.pdf |archive-date=27 March 2009 |access-date=23 October 2011 |publisher=London School of Economics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=London School of Economics and Political Science |title=The Women's Library |url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/library/collection-highlights/the-womens-library.aspx |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=London School of Economics and Political Science |language=en-GB |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710221735/https://www.lse.ac.uk/library/collection-highlights/the-womens-library |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A new home for The Women's Library β London Metropolitan University |url=https://www.londonmet.ac.uk/news/press-releases/press-releases-2012/a-new-home-for-the-womens-library/ |access-date=2021-03-11 |website=londonmet.ac.uk |archive-date=15 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415040414/https://www.londonmet.ac.uk/news/press-releases/press-releases-2012/a-new-home-for-the-womens-library/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[LSE Shaw Library|Shaw Library]], housed in the Founders' Room in the Old Building, contains the school's collection of fiction and general readings. It functions as a general-purpose reading and common room and hosts lunchtime music concerts, press launches, and the [[Fabian Window]], which was unveiled by Prime Minister [[Tony Blair]] in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Donnelly |first=Sue |title=#LSEWomen: Charlotte Shaw's LSE legacy β the Shaw Library {{!}} LSE History |work=LSE History |date=13 August 2015 |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsehistory/2015/08/13/charlotte-shaws-legacy-the-shaw-library/ |access-date=2022-03-30 |archive-date=30 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330103310/https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsehistory/2015/08/13/charlotte-shaws-legacy-the-shaw-library/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Andrew |date=April 28, 2006 |title=Wit, wisdom and windows |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/4944100.stm |access-date=March 30, 2022 |archive-date=30 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330125904/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/4944100.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> Several subject-specific libraries exist at LSE, including the Seligman Library for Anthropology, the Himmelweit Library for Social Psychology, the Leverhulme Library for Statistics, the Robert McKenzie Library for Sociology, the Michael Wise Library for Geography, and the Gender Institute Library. Additionally, LSE staff and some students are permitted to access and borrow items from [[Senate House (University of London)|Senate House]] Library, the [[SOAS University of London|SOAS]] Library, and select institutions through the [[Society of College, National and University Libraries|SCONUL]] Access scheme.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership |url=https://london.ac.uk/senate-house-library/membership |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=University of London |language=en |archive-date=16 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516150344/https://london.ac.uk/senate-house-library/membership |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=University of London, SOAS Library, SOAS, University of London |url=https://www.soas.ac.uk/library/using/admission/londonuni/ |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=soas.ac.uk |language=en |archive-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302185555/https://www.soas.ac.uk/library/using/admission/londonuni/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=London School of Economics and Political Science |title=Using the space and facilities |url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/library/using-the-library/using-the-space-and-facilities.aspx |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=London School of Economics and Political Science |language=en-GB |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710221804/https://www.lse.ac.uk/library/using-the-library/using-the-space-and-facilities |url-status=live }}</ref> === LSE Summer School === The original LSE Summer School was established in 1989 and has since expanded to offer over 70 three-week courses in accounting, finance, economics, English language, international relations, government, law and management each July and August.<ref>{{cite web|date=|title=Courses|url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/Summer-Schools/Summer-School/Courses/Secure|access-date=1 June 2021|publisher=London School of Economics|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215613/https://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/Summer-Schools/Summer-School/Courses/Secure|url-status=live}}</ref> It is advertised as the largest and one of the most well-established university Summer Schools of its kind in Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.studylondon.ac.uk/application-advice/faqs/london-summer-school |title=Summer School Programmes in London |publisher=Study London Official University Guide |date=12 September 2016 |access-date=23 September 2016 |archive-date=24 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924023632/http://www.studylondon.ac.uk/application-advice/faqs/london-summer-school |url-status=dead }}</ref> In recent years, the school has expanded its summer schools both abroad and into executive education with the LSE-PKU Summer School in Beijing (run with [[Peking University]]), the LSE-UCT July School in Cape Town (run with the [[University of Cape Town]]) and the Executive Summer School at its London campus. In 2011, it also launched a Methods Summer Programme. Together these courses welcome over 5,000 participants from over 130 countries and some of the top colleges and universities around the world, as well as professionals from several multinational institutions. Participants are housed in LSE halls of residence or their overseas equivalents, and the Summer School provides a full social programme including guest lectures and receptions.<ref>{{cite web|date=|title=Summer schools|url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/summer-schools|access-date=1 June 2021|publisher=London School of Economics|archive-date=27 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527104227/https://www.lse.ac.uk/study-at-lse/summer-schools|url-status=live}}</ref> === Public lectures === [[File:Nelson Mandela, 2000 (4).jpg|thumb|[[Nelson Mandela]] arriving at LSE in 2000 to deliver a public lecture]] Public lectures hosted by the LSE Events office, are open to students, alumni and the general public. As well as leading academics and commentators, speakers frequently include prominent national and international figures such as ambassadors, CEOs, [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Members of Parliament]], and heads of state. A number of these are broadcast live around the world via the school's website.<ref>{{cite web|title=LSE Events|url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/Events|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518130603/https://www.lse.ac.uk/events|url-status=live}}</ref> LSE organises over 200 public events every year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=LSE Player|url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/lse-player|access-date=1 June 2021|website=London School of Economics|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213922/https://www.lse.ac.uk/lse-player|url-status=live}}</ref> Prominent speakers have included [[Kofi Annan]], [[Ben Bernanke]], [[Tony Blair]], [[Gordon Brown]], [[David Cameron]], [[Noam Chomsky]], [[Bill Clinton]], [[Philip Craven]], [[Niall Ferguson]], [[Vicente Fox]], [[Milton Friedman]], [[Muammar Gaddafi]], [[Julia Gillard]], [[Alan Greenspan]], [[Tenzin Gyatso]], [[Lee Hsien Loong]], [[Boris Johnson]], [[David Harvey]], [[Jean Tirole]], [[Angelina Jolie]], [[Paul Krugman]], [[Dmitri Medvedev]], [[Mario Monti]], [[George Osborne]], [[Robert Peston]], [[SebastiΓ‘n PiΓ±era]], [[Kevin Rudd]], [[Jeffrey Sachs]], [[Gerhard Schroeder]], [[Carlos Mesa|Carlos D. Mesa]], [[Luiz InΓ‘cio Lula da Silva]], [[Aung San Suu Kyi]], [[Amartya Sen]], [[George Soros]] and [[Rowan Williams]]. Previously, the school has hosted figures including [[Nelson Mandela]] and [[Margaret Thatcher]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digital.library.lse.ac.uk/collections/list/collections/11|title=Public Lectures | LSE Digital Library|website=digital.library.lse.ac.uk|access-date=10 October 2018|archive-date=11 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011133433/https://digital.library.lse.ac.uk/collections/publiclectures|url-status=live}}</ref> There are also a number of annual lecture series hosted by various departments. These include but are not limited to the [[Malinowski Memorial Lecture]]s hosted by the department of anthropology, the [[Lionel Robbins]] Memorial Lectures and the [[Ralph Miliband]] programme.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digital.library.lse.ac.uk/collections/list/collections/11|title=Public Lectures | LSE Digital Library|website=digital.library.lse.ac.uk|access-date=10 October 2018|archive-date=11 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011133449/https://digital.library.lse.ac.uk/collections/list/collections/11|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Publishing=== In 2018, the university launched LSE Press in partnership with [[Ubiquity Press]]. This is intended to publish open-access journals and books in the social sciences. The first journal to be published by the press was the ''Journal of Illicit Economies and Development'', edited by John Collins, executive director of LSE's International Drug Policy Unit. The press is managed through the [[British Library of Political and Economic Science|LSE Library]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/News/Latest-news-from-LSE/2018/05-May-2018/LSE-launches-new-open-access-publishing-platform|date=16 May 2018|access-date=27 July 2019|title=LSE launches open access publishing platform|work=LSE|archive-date=27 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727214813/http://www.lse.ac.uk/News/Latest-news-from-LSE/2018/05-May-2018/LSE-launches-new-open-access-publishing-platform|url-status=live}}</ref> === Rankings and reputation === {{Infobox UK university rankings | ARWU_W = 151β200 | THE_W = 50= | QS_W = 50= | LEIDEN_W = 30 | LINE_1 = 0 | Complete = 3 | The_Guardian = 4 | Times/Sunday_Times = 1 | LINE_2 = 0 | TEF = Bronze }} [[File:LSE 10 Years.png|thumb|upright=1.2|London School of Economic's [[Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom|national league table]] performance over the past ten years]] LSE is ranked first in the UK in the Times/Sunday Times Good University Guide 2025, in addition to being awarded University of the Year. It was also named as runner-up for University of the Year for Graduate Employment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UK university rankings 2025 |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk-university-rankings |access-date=20 September 2024 |website=The Times |language=en}}</ref> LSE is ranked third in the UK in the Complete University Guide 2025,<ref name="Complete League Table 2025">{{cite web |title=University League Table 2025 |url=https://www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk/league-tables/rankings |website=Complete University Guide |access-date=23 September 2024 }}</ref> and fourth in the Guardian University Guide 2025.<ref name="The Guardian University Guide" /> Ian Diamond, former chief executive of the [[Economic and Social Research Council]] and later vice-chancellor of the [[University of Aberdeen]], a member of the THE editorial board, wrote to ''[[Times Higher Education]]'' in 2007, saying: "The use of a citation database must have an impact because such databases do not have as wide a cover of the social sciences (or arts and humanities) as the natural sciences. Hence the low position of the London School of Economics, caused primarily by its citations score, is a result not of the output of an outstanding institution but the database and the fact that the LSE does not have the counterweight of a large natural science base."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-11-16 |title=Social sciences lose 1 |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/comment/letters/social-sciences-lose-1/311132.article |access-date=26 June 2024 |website=Times Higher Education (THE) |language=en}}</ref> The 2024 ''[[Times Higher Education World University Rankings]]'' place LSE 8th for social sciences in the world, 11th for business and economics, 14th for law and 35th for arts and humanities, ranking the university 46th globally.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-27 |title=London School of Economics and Political Science |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/london-school-economics-and-political-science |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=Times Higher Education (THE) |language=en}}</ref> The ''[[Academic Ranking of World Universities]]'' ("Shanghai Ranking") for 2023 ranked LSE 7th in Political Science, 8th in Economics and 8th in Finance, placing it in the 151β200 range.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ShanghaiRanking-Univiersities |url=https://www.shanghairanking.com/institution/london-school-of-economics-and-political-science |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=shanghairanking.com}}</ref> According to data released by the [[Department for Education]] in 2018, LSE was rated as the best university for boosting graduate earnings, with male graduates seeing a 47.2% increase in earnings and female graduates seeing a 38.2% increase in earnings compared to the average graduate.<ref>{{cite web |title=Undergraduate degrees: relative labour market returns (Table 7: HEI β conditional impact on earnings five years after graduation) |date=7 June 2018 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/undergraduate-degrees-relative-labour-market-returns |publisher=Department for Education |access-date=17 December 2018 |archive-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218010548/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/undergraduate-degrees-relative-labour-market-returns |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Wealth-X and UBS's "Billionaire Census" in 2014, LSE ranked 10th in the list of 20 schools that have produced the most billionaire alumni.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://money.cnn.com/2014/09/16/luxury/top-colleges-with-billionaire-undergraduates/|title=Top 20 colleges with most billionaire alumni|date=16 September 2014|access-date=17 September 2014|archive-date=20 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920023934/http://money.cnn.com/2014/09/16/luxury/top-colleges-with-billionaire-undergraduates|url-status=live}}</ref> The LSE was the only UK university to make the list. In the 2020 [[National Student Survey]] LSE came 64th out of 154 for overall student satisfaction.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Student Survey 2020: overall satisfaction results |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/news/national-student-survey-2020-overall-satisfaction-results |website=The Student |publisher=[[Times Higher Education]] |access-date=26 February 2021 |date=15 July 2020 |archive-date=1 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201152629/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/news/national-student-survey-2020-overall-satisfaction-results |url-status=live }}</ref> The LSE had scored well below its benchmark on this measure in previous years, coming 145th out of 148 in 2017.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/news/national-student-survey-2017-overall-satisfaction-results |title=National Student Survey 2017: overall satisfaction results |magazine=Times Higher Education |date=9 August 2017 |access-date=27 October 2018 |archive-date=27 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027101312/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/news/national-student-survey-2017-overall-satisfaction-results |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Turner, Camilla |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/2017/08/08/two-britains-leading-universities-fall-benchmark-student-satisfaction/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/2017/08/08/two-britains-leading-universities-fall-benchmark-student-satisfaction/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Two of Britain's leading universities fall well below benchmark for student satisfaction, survey finds |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=9 August 2017 |access-date=27 October 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The increase in student satisfaction in 2020 led to a climb of 14 places to fifth in the 2021 Guardian ranking.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/News/Latest-news-from-LSE/2020/i-September-20/%EF%BB%BF-LSE-rises-up-the-rankings|title=LSE rises up the rankings|date=7 September 2020|publisher=London School of Economics|access-date=26 February 2021|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505224240/https://www.lse.ac.uk/News/Latest-news-from-LSE/2020/i-September-20/%EF%BB%BF-LSE-rises-up-the-rankings|url-status=live}}</ref>
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