Editing Liquid-crystal display (section)

===Vertical alignment (VA)===
Vertical-alignment displays are a form of LCDs in which the liquid crystals naturally align vertically to the glass substrates. When no voltage is applied, the liquid crystals remain perpendicular to the substrate, creating a black display between crossed polarizers. When voltage is applied, the liquid crystals shift to a tilted position, allowing light to pass through and create a gray-scale display depending on the amount of tilt generated by the electric field. It has a deeper-black background, a higher contrast ratio, a wider viewing angle, and better image quality at extreme temperatures than traditional twisted-nematic displays.<ref name="nxp">{{cite web|url=http://www.nxp.com/documents/user_manual/UM10764.pdf|date=October 21, 2011|title=UM10764 Vertical Alignment (VA) displays and NXP LCD drivers|author=NXP Semiconductors|access-date=September 4, 2014|archive-date=March 14, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314142012/http://www.nxp.com/documents/user_manual/UM10764.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Compared to IPS, the black levels are still deeper, allowing for a higher contrast ratio, but the viewing angle is narrower, with color and especially contrast shift being more apparent, and the cost of VA is lower than IPS (but higher than TN).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.techspot.com/article/1788-display-tech-compared/|title=Display Tech Compared: TN vs. VA vs. IPS|last=above|first=VAhomeotropic alignment shown|website=TechSpot |access-date=February 3, 2020|archive-date=June 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618160413/https://www.techspot.com/article/1788-display-tech-compared/|url-status=live}}</ref>