Editing Leukemia (section)

==Epidemiology==
[[File:Leukaemia world map-Deaths per million persons-WHO2012.svg|thumb|Deaths due to leukemia per million persons in 2012: {{Div col|small=yes|colwidth=10em}}{{legend|#ffff20|0–7}}{{legend|#ffe820|8–13}}{{legend|#ffd820|14–22}}{{legend|#ffc020|23–29}}{{legend|#ffa020|30–34}}{{legend|#ff9a20|35–39}}{{legend|#f08015|40–46}}{{legend|#e06815|47–64}}{{legend|#d85010|65–85}}{{legend|#d02010|86–132}}{{div col end}}|238x238px]]
In 2010, globally, approximately 281,500 people died of leukemia.<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R, Ahn SY, Alvarado M, Anderson HR, Anderson LM, Andrews KG, Atkinson C, Baddour LM, Barker-Collo S, Bartels DH, Bell ML, Benjamin EJ, Bennett D, Bhalla K, Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak A, Birbeck G, Blyth F, Bolliger I, Boufous S, Bucello C, Burch M, Burney P, Carapetis J, Chen H, Chou D, Chugh SS, Coffeng LE, Colan SD, Colquhoun S, Colson KE, Condon J, Connor MD, Cooper LT, Corriere M, Cortinovis M, de Vaccaro KC, Couser W, Cowie BC, Criqui MH, Cross M, Dabhadkar KC, Dahodwala N, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Delossantos A, Denenberg J, Des Jarlais DC, Dharmaratne SD, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Duber H, Ebel B, Erwin PJ, Espindola P, Ezzati M, Feigin V, Flaxman AD, Forouzanfar MH, Fowkes FG, Franklin R, Fransen M, Freeman MK, Gabriel SE, Gakidou E, Gaspari F, Gillum RF, Gonzalez-Medina D, Halasa YA, Haring D, Harrison JE, Havmoeller R, Hay RJ, Hoen B, Hotez PJ, Hoy D, Jacobsen KH, James SL, Jasrasaria R, Jayaraman S, Johns N, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum N, Keren A, Khoo JP, Knowlton LM, Kobusingye O, Koranteng A, Krishnamurthi R, Lipnick M, Lipshultz SE, Ohno SL, Mabweijano J, MacIntyre MF, Mallinger L, March L, Marks GB, Marks R, Matsumori A, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi BM, McAnulty JH, McDermott MM, McGrath J, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Michaud C, Miller M, Miller TR, Mock C, Mocumbi AO, Mokdad AA, Moran A, Mulholland K, Nair MN, Naldi L, Narayan KM, Nasseri K, Norman P, O'Donnell M, Omer SB, Ortblad K, Osborne R, Ozgediz D, Pahari B, Pandian JD, Rivero AP, Padilla RP, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Phillips D, Pierce K, Pope CA, Porrini E, Pourmalek F, Raju M, Ranganathan D, Rehm JT, Rein DB, Remuzzi G, Rivara FP, Roberts T, De León FR, Rosenfeld LC, Rushton L, Sacco RL, Salomon JA, Sampson U, Sanman E, Schwebel DC, Segui-Gomez M, Shepard DS, Singh D, Singleton J, Sliwa K, Smith E, Steer A, Taylor JA, Thomas B, Tleyjeh IM, Towbin JA, Truelsen T, Undurraga EA, Venketasubramanian N, Vijayakumar L, Vos T, Wagner GR, Wang M, Wang W, Watt K, Weinstock MA, Weintraub R, Wilkinson JD, Woolf AD, Wulf S, Yeh PH, Yip P, Zabetian A, Zheng ZJ, Lopez AD, Murray CJ, AlMazroa MA, Memish ZA | title = Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 | journal = Lancet | volume = 380 | issue = 9859 | pages = 2095–2128 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 23245604 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 | pmc = 10790329 | hdl-access = free | s2cid = 1541253 | hdl = 10536/DRO/DU:30050819 | url = https://repozitorij.upr.si/Dokument.php?id=7123&dn= }}</ref> In 2000, approximately 256,000 children and adults around the world developed a form of leukemia, and 209,000 died from it.<ref name=Numbers>{{cite journal|title=Cancer incidence, mortality and survival by site for 14 regions of the world| vauthors = Mathers CD, Boschi-Pinto C, Lopez AD, Murray CJ |journal=Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy Discussion Paper No. 13|publisher=World Health Organization|year=2001|url=https://www.who.int/entity/healthinfo/paper13.pdf}}</ref> This represents about 3% of the almost seven million deaths due to cancer that year, and about 0.35% of all deaths from any cause.<ref name=Numbers /> Of the sixteen separate sites the body compared, leukemia was the 12th most common class of [[Neoplasm|neoplastic disease]] and the 11th most common cause of cancer-related death.<ref name=Numbers /> Leukemia occurs more commonly in the [[developed world]].<ref name=WCR2014/>

===United States===
About 245,000 people in the United States are affected with some form of leukemia, including those that have achieved remission or cure. Rates from 1975 to 2011 have increased by 0.7% per year among children.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Amitay EL, Keinan-Boker L | title = Breastfeeding and Childhood Leukemia Incidence: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review | journal = JAMA Pediatrics | volume = 169 | issue = 6 | pages = e151025 | date = June 2015 | pmid = 26030516 | doi = 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1025 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Approximately 44,270 new cases of leukemia were diagnosed in the year 2008 in the US.<ref name=LLS>{{cite web | url = http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_page?item_id=9346 | title = Leukemia Facts & Statistics. | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090416060712/http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_page?item_id=9346 | archive-date=16 April 2009 | work = The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. | access-date = 2 July 2009 }}</ref> This represents 2.9% of all cancers (excluding simple basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers) in the United States, and 30.4% of all [[blood cancer]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2006|work=Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)|publisher=[[National Cancer Institute]]|url=http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2006/| veditors = Horner MJ, Ries LA, Krapcho M, Neyman N, etal |location=Bethesda, MD|access-date=3 November 2009|quote=Table 1.4: Age-Adjusted SEER Incidence and U.S. Death Rates and 5-Year Relative Survival Rates By Primary Cancer Site, Sex and Time Period|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926004001/http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2006/|archive-date=26 September 2009}}</ref>

Among children with some form of cancer, about a third have a type of leukemia, most commonly [[acute lymphoblastic leukemia]].<ref name=LLS /> A type of leukemia is the second most common form of cancer in infants (under the age of 12 months) and the most common form of cancer in older children.<ref name="SEER1999">{{cite book | vauthors = Gurney JG, Smith MA, Ross JA | date = 1999 | title = Cancer Incidence and Survival among Children and Adolescents, United States SEER program 1975–1995 | chapter-url = http://www.seer.cancer.gov/publications/childhood/leukemia.pdf | chapter = Leukemia | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101224153901/http://seer.cancer.gov/publications/childhood/leukemia.pdf | archive-date=24 December 2010 | publisher = Cancer Statistics Branch, National Cancer Institute }}</ref> Boys are somewhat more likely to develop leukemia than girls, and white American children are almost twice as likely to develop leukemia than black American children.<ref name="SEER1999" /> Only about 3% cancer diagnoses among adults are for leukemias, but because cancer is much more common among adults, more than 90% of all leukemias are diagnosed in adults.<ref name=LLS />

[[Race (human classification)|Race]] is a [[Risk factor (epidemiology)|risk factor]] in the United States.  [[Hispanic]]s, especially those under the age of 20, are at the highest risk for leukemia, while [[White people|whites]], [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]], [[Asian Americans]], and [[Alaska Natives]] are at higher risk than [[African Americans]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.lls.org/diseaseinformation/getinformationsupport/factsstatistics/childhoodbloodcancers/ | title = Childhood Blood Cancers | work = The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120905211115/http://www.lls.org/diseaseinformation/getinformationsupport/factsstatistics/childhoodbloodcancers/ | archive-date = 5 September 2012 }}</ref>

More men than women are diagnosed with leukemia and die from the disease. Around 30 percent more men than women have leukemia.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.lls.org/content/nationalcontent/resourcecenter/freeeducationmaterials/generalcancer/pdf/facts.pdf/ | title = Facts 2012 | work = The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121014092708/http://www.lls.org/content/nationalcontent/resourcecenter/freeeducationmaterials/generalcancer/pdf/facts.pdf | archive-date=14 October 2012 }}</ref>

===Australia===
In Australia, leukemia is the eleventh most common cancer.<ref name="CancerAustralia">{{cite web|url=https://www.canceraustralia.gov.au/cancer-types/leukaemia/statistics|title=Leukaemia in Australia statistics|work=canceraustralia.gov.au|date=2023|accessdate=3 April 2023}}</ref> In 2014–2018, Australians diagnosed with leukemia had a 64% chance (65% for males and 64% for females) of surviving for five years compared to the rest of the Australian population–there was a 21% increase in survival rates between 1989–1993.<ref name="CancerAustralia" />

===UK===
Overall, leukemia is the eleventh most common cancer in the UK (around 8,600 people were diagnosed with the disease in 2011), and it is the ninth most common cause of cancer death (around 4,800 people died in 2012).<ref>{{cite web|title=Leukaemia (all subtypes combined) statistics|url=http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/leukaemia/|website=Cancer Research UK|access-date=27 October 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007152651/http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/leukaemia/|archive-date=7 October 2014}}</ref>