Editing Kyoto Protocol (section)

===Countries that ratified the Protocol===
The Protocol was adopted by [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|COP 3]] of UNFCCC on 11 December 1997 in [[Kyoto]], Japan. It was opened on 16 March 1998 for signature during one year by parties to [[UNFCCC]], when it was signed Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, the Maldives, Samoa, St. Lucia and Switzerland. At the end of the signature period, 82 countries and the [[European Community]] had signed. [[Ratification]] (which is required to become a party to the Protocol) started on 17 September with ratification by Fiji. Countries that did not sign acceded to the convention, which has the same legal effect.<ref name=parties/>

Article 25 of the Protocol specifies that the Protocol enters into force "on the ninetieth day after the date on which not less than 55 Parties to the Convention, incorporating Parties included in [[Annex I]] which accounted in total for at least 55% of the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the [[Annex I]] countries, have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession."<ref>{{cite web|title=The Kyoto Protocol full text (PDF)|url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf|publisher=UNFCC Homepage|access-date=17 November 2004|archive-date=5 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005085911/http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

The EU and its Member States ratified the Protocol in May 2002.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/02/794&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en |title=European Union ratifies the Kyoto Protocol |publisher=European Union |date=31 May 2002 |access-date=13 February 2010 |archive-date=17 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091217030944/http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/02/794&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Of the two conditions, the "55 parties" clause was reached on 23 May 2002 when [[Iceland]] ratified the Protocol.<ref name=parties>{{cite web|title=Status of ratification|url=http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/status_of_ratification/items/2613.php|publisher=UNFCC Homepage|access-date=5 June 2012|archive-date=4 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404010136/http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/status_of_ratification/items/2613.php|url-status=live}}</ref> The ratification by [[Russia]] on 18 November 2004 satisfied the "55%" clause and brought the treaty into force, effective 16 February 2005, after the required lapse of 90 days.<ref>{{cite web|last=West|first=Larry|title=What is the Kyoto Protocol|url=http://environment.about.com/od/kyotoprotocol/i/kyotoprotocol.htm|publisher=About.com (Part of NYT)|access-date=5 June 2012|archive-date=2 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302123655/http://environment.about.com/od/kyotoprotocol/i/kyotoprotocol.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

As of May 2013, [[List of Kyoto Protocol signatories|191 countries]] and one regional economic organization (the [[European Economic Community|EC]]) have ratified the agreement, representing over 61.6% of the 1990 emissions from [[Annex I]] countries.<ref name = "Kyoto-PDF-unfccc">{{cite web | title=Kyoto Protocol: Status of Ratification | url=http://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/status_of_ratification/application/pdf/kp_ratification.pdf | date=14 January 2009 | access-date=6 May 2009 | publisher=[[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]] | archive-date=25 March 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325015751/http://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/status_of_ratification/application/pdf/kp_ratification.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> One of the 191 ratifying states—Canada—has renounced the protocol.

{{hidden begin|title=Convention Parties|titlestyle=text-align:left;|bodystyle=text-align:left;}}
{|
|-
| style="width:25%; vertical-align:top;"|
[[Afghanistan]] <br />
[[Albania]] <br />
[[Algeria]] <br />
[[Angola]] <br />
[[Antigua and Barbuda]] <br />
[[Argentina]] <br />
[[Armenia]] <br />
Australia <br />
[[Austria]] <br />
[[Azerbaijan]] <br />
[[Bahamas]] <br />
[[Bahrain]] <br />
[[Bangladesh]] <br />
[[Barbados]] <br />
[[Belarus]] <br />
[[Belgium]] <br />
[[Belize]] <br />
[[Benin]] <br />
[[Bhutan]] <br />
[[Bolivia]] <br />
[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] <br />
[[Botswana]] <br />
[[Brazil]] <br />
[[Brunei]] <br />
[[Bulgaria]] <br />
[[Burkina Faso]] <br />
[[Myanmar]] <br />
[[Burundi]] <br />
[[Cambodia]] <br />
[[Cameroon]] <br />
Canada <br />
[[Cape Verde]] <br />
[[Central African Republic]] <br />
[[Chad]] <br />
[[Chile]] <br />
China <br />
[[Colombia]] <br />
[[Comoros]] <br />
[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] <br />
[[Republic of the Congo]] <br />
[[Cook Islands]] <br />
[[Costa Rica]] <br />
[[Ivory Coast]] <br />
[[Croatia]] <br />
[[Cuba]] <br />
[[Cyprus]] <br />
[[Czech Republic]] <br />
[[Denmark]] <br />
[[Djibouti]] <br />
[[Dominica]]
| style="width:25%; vertical-align:top;"|
[[Dominican Republic]] <br />
[[Ecuador]] <br />
[[East Timor]] <br />
[[Egypt]] <br />
[[El Salvador]] <br />
[[Equatorial Guinea]] <br />
[[Eritrea]] <br />
[[Estonia]] <br />
[[Eswatini]] <br />
[[Ethiopia]] <br />
[[European Union]] <br />
[[Fiji]] <br />
[[Finland]] <br />
France <br />
[[Gabon]] <br />
[[Gambia]] <br />
[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] <br />
Germany <br />
[[Ghana]] <br />
[[Greece]] <br />
[[Grenada]] <br />
[[Guatemala]] <br />
[[Guinea]] <br />
[[Guinea-Bissau]] <br />
[[Guyana]] <br />
[[Haiti]] <br />
[[Honduras]] <br />
[[Hungary]] <br />
[[Iceland]] <br />
[[India]] <br />
[[Indonesia]] <br />
[[Iran]] <br />
[[Iraq]] <br />
Ireland <br />
[[Israel]] <br />
[[Italy]] <br />
[[Jamaica]] <br />
Japan <br />
[[Jordan]] <br />
[[Kazakhstan]] <br />
[[Kenya]] <br />
[[Kiribati]] <br />
[[North Korea]] <br />
[[South Korea]] <br />
[[Kuwait]] <br />
[[Kyrgyzstan]] <br />
[[Laos]] <br />
[[Latvia]] <br />
[[Lebanon]] <br />
[[Lesotho]] <br />
[[Liberia]] <br />
[[Libya]]
| style="width:25%; vertical-align:top;"|
[[Liechtenstein]] <br />
[[Lithuania]] <br />
[[Luxembourg]] <br />
[[Madagascar]] <br />
[[Malawi]] <br />
[[Malaysia]] <br />
[[Maldives]] <br />
[[Mali]] <br />
[[Malta]] <br />
[[Marshall Islands]] <br />
[[Mauritania]] <br />
[[Mauritius]] <br />
[[Mexico]] <br />
[[Federated States of Micronesia]] <br />
[[Moldova]] <br />
[[Monaco]] <br />
[[Mongolia]] <br />
[[Montenegro]] <br />
[[Morocco]] <br />
[[Mozambique]] <br />
[[Namibia]] <br />
[[Nauru]] <br />
[[Nepal]] <br />
[[Netherlands]] <br />
New Zealand <br />
[[Nicaragua]] <br />
[[Niger]] <br />
[[Nigeria]] <br />
[[Niue]] <br />
[[North Macedonia]] <br />
[[Norway]] <br />
[[Oman]] <br />
[[Pakistan]] <br />
[[Palau]] <br />
[[Panama]] <br />
[[Papua New Guinea]] <br />
[[Paraguay]] <br />
[[Peru]] <br />
[[Philippines]] <br />
[[Poland]] <br />
[[Portugal]] <br />
[[Qatar]] <br />
[[Romania]] <br />
[[Russia]] <br />
[[Rwanda]] <br />
[[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] <br />
[[Saint Lucia]] <br />
[[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] <br />
[[Samoa]] <br />
[[San Marino]]
| style="width:25%; vertical-align:top;"|
[[São Tomé and Príncipe]] <br />
[[Saudi Arabia]] <br />
[[Senegal]] <br />
[[Serbia]] <br />
[[Seychelles]] <br />
[[Sierra Leone]] <br />
[[Singapore]] <br />
[[Slovakia]] <br />
[[Slovenia]] <br />
[[Solomon Islands]] <br />
[[Somalia]] (non-party to Kyoto) <br />
South Africa <br />
Spain <br />
[[Sri Lanka]] <br />
[[Sudan]] <br />
[[Suriname]] <br />
[[Sweden]] <br />
[[Switzerland]] <br />
[[Syria]] <br />
[[Tajikistan]] <br />
[[Tanzania]] <br />
[[Thailand]] <br />
[[Togo]] <br />
[[Tonga]] <br />
[[Trinidad and Tobago]] <br />
[[Tunisia]] <br />
[[Turkey]] <br />
[[Turkmenistan]] <br />
[[Tuvalu]] <br />
[[Uganda]] <br />
[[Ukraine]] <br />
[[United Arab Emirates]] <br />
United Kingdom <br />
United States (non-party to Kyoto) <br />
[[Uruguay]] <br />
[[Uzbekistan]] <br />
[[Vanuatu]] <br />
[[Venezuela]] <br />
[[Vietnam]] <br />
[[Yemen]] <br />
[[Zambia]] <br />
[[Zimbabwe]]
* '''Observers:'''
[[Andorra]] (non-party to Kyoto) <br />
[[Holy See]] (non-party to Kyoto)
|}
{{hidden end}}