Editing Korean language (section)

===Spelling ''and'' pronunciation===
Basically, the standard languages of North and South Korea, including pronunciation and vocabulary, are both linguistically based on the Seoul dialect, but in North Korea, words have been modified to reflect the theories of scholars like [[Kim Tu-bong]], who sought a refined language, as well as political needs. Some differences are difficult to explain in terms of political ideas, such as North Korea's use of the word ''rajio'' ({{Korean|hangul=라지오|labels=no}}).:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="4" |Word
! rowspan="2" |Meaning
! rowspan="2" |Remarks
|-
! North spelling
! North pronun.
! South spelling
! South pronun.
|-
| {{lang|ko-KP|력량}}
| ryeongryang (ryŏngryang)
| {{lang|ko-KR|역량}}
| yeongnyang (yŏngnyang)
| strength
| Initial ''r'''s are dropped if followed by ''i'' or ''y'' in the South Korean version of Korean.
|-
| {{lang|ko-KP|로동}}
| rodong (rodong)
| {{lang|ko-KR|노동}}
| nodong (nodong)
| work
| Initial ''r'''s are demoted to an ''n'' if not followed by ''i'' or ''y'' in the South Korean version of Korean.
|-
| {{lang|ko-KP|원쑤}}
| wonssu (wŏnssu)
| {{lang|ko-KR|원수}}
| wonsu (wŏnsu)
| mortal enemy
| "Mortal enemy" and "[[Wonsu|field marshal]]" are homophones in the South. Possibly to avoid referring to [[Kim Il Sung]], [[Kim Jong Il]] or [[Kim Jong Un]] as the enemy, the second syllable of "enemy" is written and pronounced {{lang|ko|쑤}} in the North.<ref>{{harvp|Sohn|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=H4CsWDEi52IC&pg=PA38 38]}}</ref>
|-
| {{lang|ko-KP|라지오}}
| rajio (rajio)
| {{lang|ko-KR|라디오}}
| radio (radio)
| radio
| In South Korea, the expression ''rajio'' is considered a Japanese expression that was introduced during the Japanese colonial rule and does not properly represent the pronunciation of Korean.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ko:일본을 거쳐서 들어온 외래 어휘 |url=https://www.korean.go.kr/nkview/nklife/1995_2/5_3.html |publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]] |access-date=24 June 2023 |archive-date=24 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624121331/https://www.korean.go.kr/nkview/nklife/1995_2/5_3.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| {{lang|ko-KP|우}}
| u (u)
| {{lang|ko-KR|위}}
| wi (wi)
| on; above
|
|-
| {{lang|ko-KP|안해}}
| anhae (anhae)
| {{lang|ko-KR|아내}}
| anae (anae)
| wife
|
|-
| {{lang|ko-KP|꾸바}}
| kkuba (kkuba)
| {{lang|ko-KR|쿠바}}
| kuba (k'uba)
| [[Cuba]]
| When transcribing foreign words from languages that do not have contrasts between aspirated and unaspirated stops, North Koreans generally use tensed stops for the unaspirated ones while South Koreans use aspirated stops in both cases.
|-
|{{lang|ko-KP|페}}
|pe (p'e)
|{{lang|ko-KR|폐}}
|pye (p'ye), pe (p'e)
|lungs
|In the case where ''ye'' comes after a consonant, such as in ''hye'' and ''pye'', it is pronounced without the palatal approximate. North Korean orthography reflects this pronunciation nuance.
|}

In general, when transcribing place names, North Korea tends to use the pronunciation in the original language more than South Korea, which often uses the pronunciation in English. For example:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Original name
! colspan="2" | North Korea transliteration
! rowspan="2" | English name
! colspan="2" | South Korea transliteration
|-
! Spelling
! Pronunciation
! Spelling
! Pronunciation
|-
| [[Ulaanbaatar]]
| {{lang|ko|울란바따르}}
| ullanbattareu (ullanbattarŭ)
| Ulan Bator
| {{lang|ko|울란바토르}}
| ullanbatoreu (ullanbat'orŭ)
|-
| København
| {{lang|ko|쾨뻰하븐}}
| koeppenhabeun (k'oeppenhabŭn)
| [[Copenhagen]]
| {{lang|ko|코펜하겐}}
| kopenhagen (k'op'enhagen)
|-
| al-Qāhirah
| {{lang|ko|까히라}}
| kkahira (kkahira)
| [[Cairo]]
| {{lang|ko|카이로}}
| kairo (k'airo)
|}