Editing Keith Emerson (section)

==Instrumentation==
Emerson used a variety of electronic keyboard instruments during his career, including several [[Hammond organ]]s and synthesisers by [[Moog Music]], [[Yamaha Corporation|Yamaha]], and [[Korg]]. From time to time he also used other instruments such as [[pipe organs]], a [[grand piano]], a [[clavinet]], and very briefly, a [[Mellotron]].<ref name=reid>{{cite magazine |last=Reid |first=Gordon |date=May 1995 |title=Keith Emerson's Keyboard Clearout: Exploration |url=https://www.soundonsound.com/people/keith-emersons-keyboard-clearout |magazine=[[Sound on Sound]] |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |publisher=soundonsound.com |access-date=12 March 2016 | url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150606070855/http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/1995_articles/may95/keithemerson.html |archive-date=6 June 2015}}</ref> During his ELP years, Emerson toured with a large amount of gear, taking thirteen keyboard units to a December 1973 show at [[Madison Square Garden]],<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Weigel |first=David |date=15 August 2012 |title=Prog Spring: Prog Comes Alive! Emerson, Lake and Palmer at Madison Square Garden, 1973 |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/prog_spring/features/2012/prog_rock/prog_comes_alive_emerson_lake_palmer_at_madison_square_garden_1973_promo_ill_cast_comedy_for_fools_the_birth_of_prog.html |magazine=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |location=[[New York City]]  |access-date=19 March 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831105331/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/prog_spring/features/2012/prog_rock/prog_comes_alive_emerson_lake_palmer_at_madison_square_garden_1973_promo_ill_cast_comedy_for_fools_the_birth_of_prog.html |archive-date=31 August 2012 }}</ref> and later travelling with a large [[Yamaha GX-1]] that required eight roadies to move it.<ref name=reid /> Michael "Supe" Granda of [[The Ozark Mountain Daredevils]] recalled Emerson's organ rig as being "as large as [the Daredevils'] entire stage plot".<ref>{{cite book |last=Granda |first=Michael Supe |date=2008 |title=It Shined: The Saga of the Ozark Mountain Daredevils |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VGrDqgm9TC8C&pg=PA231 |location=[[Bloomington, Indiana]] |publisher=[[AuthorHouse]] |page=231 |isbn=978-1-4343-9165-0}}</ref>

===Pre-ELP equipment and Hammond organs===
Initially a piano player, Emerson obtained his first [[Hammond organ]], an L-100, after hearing jazz organist [[Jack McDuff]] and becoming frustrated with broken [[Action (piano)|hammers]] inside pianos.<ref name=milano /> Around 1968, during his time with the Nice, he added a second Hammond organ, the more expensive C-3, and placed the two organs sideways and facing each other so he could stand between the two keyboards and play both with his unobstructed body facing the audience.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2000/319/pdf/p000002.pdf |title=Hidden Behind His Instruments or Acting as Entertaining Frontman: Where Is the Keyboarder? |last1=Einbrodt |first1=Ulrich Dieter, Dr. |website=geb.uni-giessen.de/ |publisher=[[University of Giessen]] |location=[[Giessen]], [[Hesse]], [[Germany]] |access-date=14 March 2016 |quote=Strikingly, he (Emerson) was often using two Hammonds, as can be seen at a Beat-Club performance in 1970/71. Both set up in right angle to stage and facing their keys, with Emerson standing in the middle, playing both of them simultaneously and in this way usually facing the audience. That was his favourite position, no matter if his equipment was left, right, or center of the stage and he continues to act this way in the 90s. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070611010546/http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2000/319/pdf/p000002.pdf |archive-date=11 June 2007 }}</ref> Emerson preferred the sound of the C-3 as being "far superior" to the cheaper L-100, and used the L-100 to "throw around and make it feed back".<ref name=milano /><ref name=vail>{{cite book |last=Vail|first=Mark |title=The Hammond Organ: Beauty in the B|publisher=[[Hal Leonard Corporation]] |location=[[New York City]] |date=2002 |edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SbxJAgAAQBAJ&q=l100+emerson&pg=PT125 |isbn=978-0-87930-705-9}}</ref> Emerson got the L-100 to feed back by placing it close to the onstage speakers and using a [[fuzzbox]].<ref name=milano /> He continued to perform physical abuse stunts with the L-100 to some degree throughout his years with ELP.<ref name=kegear>{{cite web |url=http://www.brain-salad-surgery.de/keith_emersons_gear.html |title=Keith Emerson's Gear |author=Lothar |date=31 January 2016 |website=brain-salad-surgery.de |publisher=Brain Salad Surgery |access-date=12 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310125305/http://www.brain-salad-surgery.de/keith_emersons_gear.html |archive-date=10 March 2016 }}</ref>

Throughout his career, Emerson owned a number of L-100 models in various states of repair to support his act. These organs were also specially reinforced and modified to enhance their sound and help prevent damage while on tour, and were reported to weigh 300 to 350 pounds.<ref name=frost>{{cite magazine |last=Frost |first=Matt |date=April 2009 |title=Tech That: Keith Wechsler: On the Road With Keith Emerson |url=http://www.performing-musician.com/pm/apr09/articles/techthat.htm |magazine=Performing Musician |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |publisher=performing-musician.com |access-date=12 March 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120916230042/http://www.performing-musician.com/pm/apr09/articles/techthat.htm |archive-date=16 September 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> By contrast, his C-3 organ was not used for stunts and Emerson continued to play his original C-3 for many years, using it on all the ELP albums and tours throughout the 1970s.<ref name=kegear /> He also owned several other Hammond organ models in addition to the L-100s and the C-3.<ref name=vail /> When Emerson sold much of his gear in the mid-1990s, his Hammond organs were among the items he kept as being "too personal to let go".<ref name=reid /> The remains of one L-100 that failed and burned during a 1990s ELP show in Boston were donated to the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]].<ref name=frost />

===ELP equipment and Moog synthesisers===
[[File:Emerson moog.jpg|thumb|right|Emerson with the [[Moog synthesizer]] (c.1977)]]

With ELP, Emerson added the Moog synthesiser behind the C-3 with the keyboard and [[ribbon controller]] stacked on the top of the organ.<ref name=kegear /> The ribbon controller allowed Emerson to vary pitch, volume or timbre of the output from the Moog by moving his finger up and down the length of a touch-sensitive strip. It also could be used as a phallic symbol, and outfitted with a small rocket launcher, it quickly became a feature of the act.<ref name=cateforis /> He continued to divide his keyboard setup into two banks so that he could play between them with his body in view.<ref name=cateforis /> When the ultra-compact Moog [[Minimoog]] first appeared it was placed where needed, such as on top of the grand piano. A [[Hohner]] [[clavinet]] L, with reversed black and white keys, was also part of Emerson's keyboard rig. Although it could be heard on numerous album pieces, according to Emerson, it was only used for one song, "[[Nut Rocker]]" in concert.<ref name=reid />

During the ''Brain Salad Surgery'' tour of 1974, Emerson's keyboard setup included the Hammond C-3 organ, run through multiple [[Leslie speaker]]s driven by HiWatt guitar amplifiers, the Moog 3C modular synthesiser (modified by addition of various modules and an [[oscilloscope]]) with ribbon controller, a [[Steinway & Sons|Steinway]] concert grand piano with a Minimoog synthesiser on top of it, an upright acoustic-electric piano that was used for honky-tonk piano sounds, a Hohner Clavinet and another Minimoog synthesiser. Emerson also used a prototype polyphonic synthesiser produced by Moog, which was the test bed for the Moog [[Polymoog]] polyphonic synthesiser. The original synthesiser setup as envisioned by Moog was called the Constellation, and consisted of three instruments – the polyphonic synthesiser, called the Apollo, a monophonic lead synthesiser called the Lyra, and a bass-pedal synthesiser, called the [[Moog Taurus|Taurus]], but Emerson never used the Taurus.<ref name=kegear />

===Pipe organs===
Occasionally Emerson used a [[pipe organ]], when available, in live performances and on recordings. He played the [[Royal Albert Hall Organ]] at a show with The Nice on 26 June 1968, where the band controversially burned a painting of an [[Flag of the United States|American flag]] onstage to protest against the [[Vietnam War]].<ref>Emerson, ''Pictures'', p. 102–103.</ref> The stunt caused a storm of objections in the US and The Nice received a lifetime ban from the venue.<ref name=TG16>{{cite news|last=Sweeting |first=Adam |author-link=Adam Sweeting |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/mar/13/keith-emerson-obituary |title=Keith Emerson obituary  |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |date=13 March 2016 |access-date=24 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saskatoontalenteducation.com/great-music-the-nice-elegy.html |title=Great Music The Nice - Elegy |publisher=Saskatoontalenteducation.com |access-date=25 March 2016 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

With ELP, Emerson used the [[Royal Festival Hall#The organ|Royal Festival Hall organ]] for the "Clotho" segment of "The Three Fates" on the 1970 [[Emerson, Lake & Palmer (album)|eponymous debut album]] by ELP.<ref>Macan, ''Endless Enigma'', p. 119.</ref> He played this organ again in 2002 to open The Nice reunion tour show, but according to a reviewer, the organ failed to operate at the expected volume.<ref name=anderson />

The [[Newcastle City Hall#Organ|Newcastle City Hall organ]] was used for the introductory section of ''Pictures at an Exhibition'', recorded there live on 26 March 1971.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Holland |first=Roger |date=11 September 2007 |title=Emerson Lake and Palmer: Pictures at an Exhibition |url=http://www.popmatters.com/review/emerson-lake-and-palmer-pictures-at-an-exhibition/ |magazine=[[PopMatters]] |publisher=Sarah Zupko |access-date=14 March 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314073912/http://www.popmatters.com/review/emerson-lake-and-palmer-pictures-at-an-exhibition/ |archive-date=14 March 2016 }}</ref> Emerson was recorded playing the organ at St. Mark's Church in London for "The Only Way (Hymn)" on the 1971 ELP album ''[[Tarkus]]''.<ref>Romano, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=UIqkCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT134 PT134.]</ref>

===Yamaha Electone GX-1 synthesiser===
After founder Robert Moog left Moog Music in the late 1970s, Emerson began to consider using synthesisers made by other companies.<ref name=reid /> Emerson became one of the few buyers of the [[Yamaha GX-1]] polyphonic synthesiser, which reportedly cost almost $50,000. The GX-1 was subsequently used on the ELP album ''[[Works Volume 1]]'', particularly on the song "[[Fanfare for the Common Man (Emerson, Lake & Palmer song)|Fanfare for the Common Man]]", and on tour.<ref name=reidCS80>{{cite web |url=http://www.gordonreid.co.uk/vintage/cs80.html |title=The Yamaha CS80 |last1=Reid |first1=Gordon |date=18 May 2013 |website=gordonreid.co.uk |publisher=Gordon Reid |access-date=12 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917022815/http://www.gordonreid.co.uk/vintage/cs80.html |archive-date=17 September 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> It can be seen in ELP's ''Works Orchestral Tour'' video<ref name=reidCS80 /> and in promotional photos and videos from 1977 featuring the band playing "Fanfare" outdoors during a snowstorm in [[Montreal]]'s [[Olympic Stadium (Montreal)|Olympic Stadium]].<ref>Macan, ''Endless Enigma'', p. 385.</ref> Emerson later bought a second GX-1 from [[John Paul Jones (musician)|John Paul Jones]] of [[Led Zeppelin]], and used parts from it to repair his original GX-1, which was damaged by a tractor crashing into Emerson's home studio.<ref name=reid /><ref name=achilles>{{cite web |url=http://led-zeppelin.org/current-news/1901-that-one-time-that-keith-emerson-bough-john-paul-jones-yamaha-gx-1-synth |title=That One Time That Keith Emerson Bought John Paul Jones' Yamaha GX-1 Synth |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=12 March 2016 |website=led-zeppelin.org |publisher=Achilles Last Stand |access-date=12 March 2016 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312162138/http://led-zeppelin.org/current-news/1901-that-one-time-that-keith-emerson-bough-john-paul-jones-yamaha-gx-1-synth |archive-date=12 March 2016 }}</ref>

Emerson sold much of his keyboard equipment in the 1990s when he relocated from England to [[Santa Monica, California]].<ref name=reid /> The John Paul Jones GX-1 was sold to film composer [[Hans Zimmer]], while Emerson's original GX-1 was sold to Italian keyboardist Riccardo Grotto.<ref name=achilles /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.matrixsynth.com/2011/06/john-paul-jones-yamaha-gx-1-with.html |title=John Paul Jones Yamaha GX-1 with Programmer Up for Auction? |author=Matrix, via John |date=13 June 2011 |website=Matrixsynth.com |publisher=Matrixsynth: Everything Synth |access-date=12 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312161708/http://www.matrixsynth.com/2011/06/john-paul-jones-yamaha-gx-1-with.html |archive-date=12 March 2016 }}</ref>

===Korg synthesisers===
In the late 1970s, Emerson also began to use the [[Korg PS-3300]] and PS-3100, which at the time were among the world's first fully polyphonic synthesizers. These Korgs appeared on the ELP album ''[[Love Beach]]'', and Emerson continued to use them into the 1980s for his solo album ''Honky'' and his soundtrack work. He also became an official endorser for the PS-3300 and PS-3100 in the early 1980s.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emersonlakepalmer.de%2Fcontent%2Felp_equipment.htm&sl=de&tl=en&hl= |title=Emerson, Lake & Palmer – ELP Equipment: Part 1: The Korg PS 3000 Series or Emerson's Fateful Decision  |last1=Franco |first1=Bernd Hoffmann |website=emersonlakepalmer.de |publisher=Emerson, Lake & Palmer – Die ELP-History-Website (original site in German) |access-date=12 March 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218135904/http://emersonlakepalmer.de/content/elp_equipment.htm |archive-date=18 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Jenkins |first=Mark |date=2007 |title=Analog Synthesizers: Understanding, Performing, Buying: From the Legacy of Moog to Software Synthesis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iI77AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA83 |location=[[Burlington, Massachusetts]] |publisher=[[Focal Press]] |page=83 |isbn=978-0-240-52072-8}}</ref>

By the late 2000s, Emerson was employing "a host of Korg gear" including the [[Korg OASYS]] and [[Korg Triton]] Extreme [[music workstation]] synthesisers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://i.korg.com/Artist.aspx?artist=85 |title=Keith Emerson: The Orchestration of a Legend |last1=Whitmore |first1=Laura B. |date=January 2009 |website=i.korg.com |publisher=[[Korg]] |access-date=13 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313204708/http://i.korg.com/Artist.aspx?artist=85 |archive-date=13 March 2016 }}</ref> A review of the DVD release of ELP's 2010 one-off reunion show said that the Korg OASYS "appear[ed] to be Emerson's go-to instrument", although he also used a Hammond C-3 and a Moog with a ribbon controller onstage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theclevelandsound.com/?p=9073 |title=ELP Reunites For 40th Anniversary DVD |last1=Roche |first1=Pete |date=26 September 2011 |website=theclevelandsound.com |publisher=The Cleveland Sound |access-date=12 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016092223/http://www.theclevelandsound.com/?p=9073 |archive-date=16 October 2011 }}</ref>