Editing Jupiter (god) (section)

==== Regifugium and Poplifugium ====
{{See also|Regifugium|Poplifugia}}
The ''[[Regifugium]]'' ("King's Flight")<ref>{{harvp|Forsythe|2005–2006|p=136}}. ''Populus'' originally meant not "the people", but "army".</ref> on 24 February has often been discussed in connection with the ''[[Poplifugia]]'' on 5 July, a day holy to Jupiter.<ref>Robert Turcan, ''The Cults of the Roman Empire'' (Blackwell, 1992, 1996, 2001 printing, originally published 1989 in French), p. 75.</ref>{{efn|Wissowa had already connected the ''Poplifugia'' to Jupiter.<ref>{{harvp|Wissowa|1912|p=102}}, citing [[Cassius Dio]] XLVII 18 and the ''Fasti Amiternini'' (''feriae Iovis'').</ref>}} The ''Regifugium'' followed the festival of ''Iuppiter [[Terminus (mythology)|Terminus]]'' (Jupiter of Boundaries) on 23 February. Later Roman [[antiquarian]]s misinterpreted the ''Regifugium'' as marking the expulsion of the monarchy, but the "king" of this festival may have been the priest known as the ''[[rex sacrorum]]'' who ritually enacted the waning and renewal of power associated with the New Year (1 March in the old Roman calendar).{{sfnp|Forsythe|2005–2006|p=137}} A temporary vacancy of power (construed as a yearly "[[interregnum]]") occurred between the ''Regifugium'' on 24 February and the New Year on 1 March (when the lunar cycle was thought to coincide again with the solar cycle), and the uncertainty and change during the two winter months were over.<ref>André Magdelain "Auspicia ad patres redeunt" in ''Hommage á Jean Bayet'' Bruxelles 1964 527 ff. See also [[Jean Bayet]] ''Histoire politique et psychologique de la religion romaine'' Paris 1957 p. 99; [[Jacques Heurgon]], ''Rome et la Méditerranée occcidentale'' Paris 1969 pp. 204–208.; Paul-M. Martin "La fonction calendaire du roi de Rome et sa participation á certaines fêtes" in ''Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l' Ouest'' '''83''' 1976 2 pp. 239–244 part. p. 241; and {{harvp|Sabbatucci|1988}}, as reviewed by {{harvp|Turcan|1989|p=71}}</ref> Some scholars emphasize the traditional political significance of the day.{{sfnp|Lipka|2009|p=33, note 96}}

The ''Poplifugia'' ("Routing of Armies"{{sfnp|Forsythe|2005–2006|p=192}}), a day sacred to Jupiter, may similarly mark the second half of the year; before the [[Julian calendar|Julian calendar reform]], the months were named numerically, ''[[Quintilis]]'' (the fifth month) to ''December'' (the tenth month).{{efn|[[Jean Gagé]] thinks the murder of [[Servius Tullius]] occurred on this date, as [[Tarquin the Proud]] and his wife Tullia would have taken advtange of the occasion to claim publicly that Servius has lost the favour of the gods (especially Fortuna).<ref>Jean Gagé "La mort de Servius Tullius et le char de Tullia" in ''Revue belge de philologie et d' histoire'' '''41''' 1963 1 pp. 25–62.</ref>}} The ''Poplifugia'' was a "primitive military ritual" for which the adult male population assembled for purification rites, after which they ritually dispelled foreign invaders from Rome.{{sfnp|Forsythe|2005–2006|p=132}}