Editing Janus (section)

====Curiatius====
The epithet ''Curiatius'' is found in association with ''Iuno Sororia'' as designating the deity to which one of the two altars behind the Tigillum Sororium was dedicated. [[Sextus Pompeius Festus|Festus]] and other ancient authors<ref>W. Otto ''Real Encyclopaedie'' Suppl. III column 1178-9; Festus s.v. Sororium tigillum p. 380, 5 L.; Dionysius of Halicarnassus ''Antiquitates Romanae'' III 22, 7–9; Scholiasta Bobiensis in Ciceronem ''Milo'' 7.</ref> explain Curiatius by the aetiological legend of the Tigillum: the expiation undergone by P. Horatius after his victory over the Alban [[Curiatii]] for the murder of his own sister, by walking under a beam with his head veiled.<ref>Livy I 26, 13; Paulus ex Festus p.399, 2 L; Pseudo Aurelius Victor ''Vir.'' 4.</ref>

Capdeville sees this epithet as related exclusively to the characters of the legend and the rite itself: He cites the analysis by Dumézil as his authority.<ref>G. Dumézil ''Les Horaces et les Curiaces'' Paris 1942.</ref>

Schilling supposes it was probably a ''{{lang|la|sacrum}}'' originally entrusted to the ''{{lang|la|gens Horatia}}'' that allowed the desacralisation of the ''{{lang|la|iuvenes}}'' at the end of the military season, later transferred to the state.<ref>Livy I 26, 12: ''... pecunia publica'' ''at public expenses''.</ref> Janus's patronage of a rite of passage would be natural. The presence of Juno would be related to the date (Kalends), her protection of the ''{{lang|la|iuvenes}}'', soldiers, or the legend itself.
Schilling's opinion is that it is related to ''[[curia]]'',<ref>R. Schilling "Janus, dieu introducteur, dieu des passages" in ''Melanges d' archeologie et d'histoire'' '''72''' 1960 p. 109.</ref> as the Tigillum was located not far from the ''{{lang|la|curiae veteres}}''.

Renard considered Schilling's interpretation unacceptable, even though supported by an inscription (''{{lang|la|lictor curiatius}}'')<ref>R. Schilling above citing ''Real Encyclopaedie'' s.v. calata comitia column 1330. Aulus Gellius ''Noctes Atticae'' XV 27, 2 has ''lictor curiatus''.</ref> because of the different quantity of the ''u'', short in ''{{lang|la|curiatius}}'', ''{{lang|la|curis}}'' and ''{{lang|la|Curitis}}'' and long in ''{{lang|la|curia}}''. Moreover, it is part of the different interpretation of the meaning of the ritual of the Tigillum Sororium proposed by Herbert Jennings Rose, Kurt Latte, and Robert Schilling himself.
Renard connects the epithet's meaning to the ''{{lang|la|curis}}'' or ''{{lang|la|cuiris}}'', the spear of Juno Curitis as here she is given the epithet of ''Sororia'', corresponding to the usual epithet ''Geminus'' of Janus and to the twin or feminine nature of the passage between two coupled posts.<ref>M. Renard above p. 14.</ref>

In summary, the etymology of ''Curiatius'' remains uncertain.<ref>For a thorough listing of the hypotheses advanced cf. A. Walde – J. B. Hoffmann ''Lateinische etymologisches Wörterbuch'' 1938 3rd p. 319 s.v.</ref><ref>On the role of Janus in the rite of the Tigillum Sororium see also the section that follows.</ref>