Editing J. K. Rowling (section)

== Philanthropy ==
Long interested in issues affecting women and children,<ref name=RapeHelp>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-63943766 |title= JK Rowling funds women-only rape help centre in Edinburgh| work= [[BBC News]] |date= 12 December 2022|access-date= 14 December 2022}}</ref> Rowling established the Volant Charitable Trust in 2000, named after her mother{{sfn|Pugh|2020|pp=5–6}} to address social deprivation in at-risk women, children and youth.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volanttrust.org/about-us/ |title=About us |publisher= The Volant Charitable Trust |access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref> She was appointed president of One Parent Families (now [[Gingerbread (charity)|Gingerbread]]) in 2004,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oneparentfamilies.org.uk/1/lx3x1olx-5001x1oix1794x1/0/0/110707/0/0/J_K_Rowling_-_One_Parent.htm |title=J K Rowling becomes President of One Parent Families |publisher=[[Gingerbread (charity)|The National Council for One Parent Families]]|date=16 November 2004|access-date=20 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106031950/http://www.oneparentfamilies.org.uk/1/lx3x1olx-5001x1oix1794x1/0/0/110707/0/0/J_K_Rowling_-_One_Parent.htm |archive-date= 6 November 2007}}</ref> after becoming its first ambassador in 2000.{{sfn|Pugh|2020|pp=5–6}} She collaborated with [[Sarah Jane Brown|Sarah Brown]]<ref>{{cite news|date=13 May 2007|title=Gordon's women|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2007/may/13/labourleadership.labour1|url-status=live|access-date=20 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003131104/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2007/may/13/labourleadership.labour1|archive-date=3 October 2014}}</ref> on a book of children's stories to benefit One Parent Families.{{sfn|Pugh|2020|pp=5–6}} Together with the [[Member of the European Parliament|MEP]] [[Emma Nicholson]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Our history|url=https://www.wearelumos.org/who-we-are/our-history/|publisher=[[Lumos (charity)|Lumos]] |access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref> Rowling founded the charity now known as [[Lumos (charity)|Lumos]] in 2005.{{sfn|Pugh|2020|pp=5–6}} Lumos has worked with an orphanage west of [[Kyiv]], [[Ukraine]] since 2013;<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.scotsman.com/news/defence/war-in-ukraine-jk-rowling-launches-appeal-to-aid-orphans-3591632 |title= JK Rowling launches appeal for children trapped in Ukrainian orphanages|first=Alex |last= Green |date= 1 March 2022 |work= [[The Scotsman]] |access-date= 11 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= J.K. Rowling hits back at Putin after he likened Russia to her in rant against cancel culture |first1= Arnaud |last1= Siad |first2= Nathan |last2= Hodge |first3= Toyin |last3= Owoseje |publisher= [[CNN]] |url= https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/25/world/jk-rowling-putin-intl-scli-gbr/index.html |date= 25 March 2022 |access-date=26 March 2022 |quote= Rowling previously revealed that her children's charity, Lumos, had been working with the Ukrainian government since 2013}}</ref> after the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]], Rowling offered to personally match up to £1{{nbs}}million in donations to Lumos for Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ukraine war: JK Rowling to personally match emergency appeal funding up to £1m as children face 'uncertain future' |url=https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-war-jk-rowling-to-personally-match-emergency-appeal-funding-up-to-1m-as-children-face-uncertain-future-12559934 |first= Michael |last= Drummond |date= 7 March 2022 |access-date=11 March 2022 |publisher= [[Sky News]] }}</ref> Later in 2022, during her advocacy against the [[Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill]],<ref name=Carrell2022>{{Cite news |first= Severin |last=Carrell|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/dec/12/jk-rowling-launches-support-centre-for-female-victims-of-sexual-violence |title=JK Rowling launches support centre for female victims of sexual violence |work= [[The Guardian]] |date= 12 December 2022 |access-date= 14 December 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221212165212/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/dec/12/jk-rowling-launches-support-centre-for-female-victims-of-sexual-violence|archive-date= 12 December 2022}}</ref> Rowling stated she had founded and would fund [[Beira's Place]], a women-only rape help centre that provides free support services to survivors of sexual violence.<ref name=RapeHelp/> The centre excludes trans women.<ref name="Sanderson2022">{{cite news | last=Sanderson | first=Ginny | title=JK Rowling launches 'woman-only' sexual violence support service in Edinburgh | work=[[Edinburgh Evening News]] | date=13 December 2022 | url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/news/people/jk-rowling-opens-beiras-place-woman-only-sexual-violence-support-service-in-edinburgh-3950311 | access-date=23 July 2024}}</ref> She has donated several hundred thousand [[Pound sterling|pounds]] to help women lawyers flee from the [[Taliban]]'s control, helping hundreds of [[Afghanistan|Afghans]] escape.<ref>{{cite news|first=Stephen|last=Stewart|title=Harry Potter author JK Rowling helped Afghan lawyers flee the Taliban|url=https://www.sundaypost.com/fp/harry-potter-author-jk-rowling-helped-afghan-lawyers-flee-the-taliban/|work=[[The Sunday Post]]|date=29 January 2023|access-date=12 February 2023}}</ref>

Rowling has made donations to support other medical causes. She named another institution after her mother in 2010, when she donated £10&nbsp;million to found a [[multiple sclerosis]] research centre at the [[University of Edinburgh]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=31 August 2010|title=J.K. Rowling gives millions for MS research|publisher=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-51184720100831|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref> She gave an additional £15.3&nbsp;million to the centre in 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 September 2019|title=JK Rowling donates £15.3m to Edinburgh MS research centre|publisher=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-49661840|access-date=4 March 2022}}</ref> During the [[2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony]], accompanied by an inflatable representation of [[Lord Voldemort]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Holmes|first=Linda|date=27 July 2012|title=The opening ceremonies In London: from the Industrial Revolution to Voldemort|publisher=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2012/07/27/157521409/the-opening-ceremonies-in-london-from-the-industrial-revolution-to-voldemort|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref> she read from ''[[Peter Pan]]'' as part of a tribute to the [[Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Gibson|first=Owen|date=27 July 2012|title=Danny Boyle's Olympic opening ceremony: madcap, surreal and moving|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/jul/27/olympic-opening-ceremony|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref> To support [[COVID-19]] relief, she donated six-figure sums to both [[Khalsa Aid]] and the [[British Asian Trust]] from royalties for ''The Ickabog''.<ref name=COVIDIndia>{{cite web|date=14 May 2021|title=JK Rowling donates money for COVID-19 relief work in India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/jk-rowling-donates-money-for-covid-19-relief-work-in-india/articleshow/82629822.cms|access-date=14 May 2021|work=[[Times of India]]}}</ref>

Several publications in the ''Harry Potter'' universe have been sold for charitable purposes. Profits from ''[[Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (book)|Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them]]'' and ''[[Quidditch Through the Ages]]'', both published in 2001, went to [[Comic Relief (charity)|Comic Relief]].{{sfn|Pugh|2020|pp=5–6}} To support Children's Voice, later renamed Lumos, Rowling sold a deluxe copy of ''[[The Tales of Beedle the Bard]]'' at auction in 2007. [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]'s £1.95&nbsp;million purchase set a record for a contemporary literary work and for children's literature.<ref>{{Cite news|date=14 December 2007|title=Amazon.com buys J.K. Rowling tales|publisher=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-amazon-rowling-idUKN1427375920071214|access-date=14 January 2022}}</ref>{{sfn|Errington|2017|pp=704–705}} Rowling published the book and, in 2013, donated the proceeds of nearly £19&nbsp;million (then about $30&nbsp;million) to Lumos.<ref>{{cite news|title=Biography|publisher=JK Rowling|url=http://www.jkrowling.com/en_GB/#/about-jk-rowling|url-status=live|access-date=8 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804235110/http://www.jkrowling.com/en_GB#/about-jk-rowling|archive-date=4 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The season of giving – the millionaire donations that defined 2013|url=http://www.spearswms.com/spears-lists/lists/the-season-of-giving-the-millionaire-donations-that-defined-2013-4151578 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230120430/http://www.spearswms.com/spears-lists/lists/the-season-of-giving-the-millionaire-donations-that-defined-2013-4151578|archive-date=30 December 2013|access-date=30 December 2013|publisher=Spear's}}</ref> Rowling and 12 other writers composed short pieces in 2008 to be sold to benefit Dyslexia Action and English [[PEN International|PEN]]. Rowling's contribution was an 800-word [[Harry Potter prequel|''Harry Potter'' prequel]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Williams|first=Rachel|date=29 May 2008|title=Rowling pens Potter prequel for charities|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=http://books.guardian.co.uk/harrypotter/story/0,,2282533,00.html|url-status=live|access-date=5 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080714103208/http://books.guardian.co.uk/harrypotter/story/0,,2282533,00.html|archive-date=14 July 2008}}</ref>{{efn|The original ''Harry Potter'' prequel manuscript was stolen in 2017.<ref name=PrequelStolen>{{cite news|date=12 May 2017|title=Harry Potter prequel stolen in Birmingham burglary|publisher=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-birmingham-39894187|access-date=9 January 2022}}</ref> }} When the revelation that Rowling wrote ''The Cuckoo's Calling'' led to an increase in sales,<ref name=Meikle2013/> she donated the royalties to [[ABF The Soldiers' Charity]] (formerly the Army Benevolent Fund).{{sfn|Pugh|2020|pp=5–6}}<ref>{{cite news |last=Battersby |first= Matilda |date= 31 July 2013 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/jk-rowling-wins-substantial-donation-to-charity-from-law-firm-behind-robert-galbraith-8739299.html |title= JK Rowling wins 'substantial donation' to charity from law firm behind Robert Galbraith confidentiality leak |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref>

Rowling's charitable donations before 2012 were estimated by ''Forbes'' at $160&nbsp;million.<ref name="160M"/> She was the second most generous UK donor in 2015 (following the singer [[Elton John]]), giving about $14&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite news |title=Elton John, JK Rowling top list of charitable UK celebrities in 2015 |publisher= EFE News Service |date= 17 April 2016|id= {{ProQuest|1781399093}} |quote=Harry Potter author, JK Rowling, allocated around $14&nbsp;million for the benefit of two NGOs; the Lumos Foundation, which aims to end the institutionalizing of children by 2050, and the Volant Charitable Trust, which funds projects that alleviate social deprivation, as well as research into multiple sclerosis.}}</ref>