Editing Infant formula (section)

===Commercial formulas===
In parallel with the enormous shift (in industrialized nations) away from breastfeeding to home-made formulas, nutrition scientists continued to analyze human milk and attempted to make infant formulas that more closely matched its composition.<ref name="Fomon" /> [[Maltose]] and [[dextrin]]s were believed nutritionally important, and in 1912, the [[Mead Johnson]] Company released a milk additive called ''Dextri-Maltose''. This formula was made available to mothers only by physicians. In 1919, milkfats were replaced with a blend of animal and vegetable fats as part of the continued drive to closer simulate human milk. This formula was called SMA for "simulated milk adapted."<ref name="Schuman" />

In the late 1920s, [[Alfred Bosworth (inventor)|Alfred Bosworth]] released ''[[Similac]]'' (for "similar to lactation"), and Mead Johnson released ''Sobee''.<ref name="Schuman" /> Several other formulas were released over the next few decades, but commercial formulas did not begin to seriously compete with evaporated milk formulas until the 1950s. The reformulation and concentration of Similac in 1951, and the introduction (by Mead Johnson) of Enfamil (for "infant milk") in 1959 were accompanied by marketing campaigns that provided inexpensive formula to hospitals and pediatricians.<ref name="Schuman" /> By the early 1960s, commercial formulas were more commonly used than evaporated milk formulas in the United States, which all but vanished in the 1970s. By the early 1970s, over 75% of American babies were fed on formulas, almost entirely commercially produced.<ref name="Fomon" />

When birth rates in industrial nations tapered off during the 1960s, infant formula companies heightened marketing campaigns in non-industrialized countries. The poor sanitation in these countries led to steeply increased [[infant mortality|mortality rates]] among infants fed the often contaminated formula.<ref name = "Solomon">{{cite news| vauthors = Solomon S | title = The Controversy Over Infant Formula | work = The New York Times | pages = 8 | url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D06E2D61738F935A35751C1A967948260&sec=health&spon=&pagewanted=5| access-date =August 11, 2008 | date=December 6, 1981}}</ref> Additionally, a WHO has cited over-diluting formula preparations as resulting in infant malnourishment.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130806074415/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2013/world_breastfeeding_week_20130730/en/ Breastfeeding: Only 1 in 5 countries fully implement WHO’s infant formula Code], WHO, 30 July 2013.</ref> Organized protests, the most famous of which was the [[Nestlé boycott]] of 1977, called for an end to unethical marketing. This boycott is ongoing, as the current coordinators maintain that Nestlé engages in marketing practices which violate the [[International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes]].