Editing Hugo Chávez (section)

===Bolivarianism===
{{Main|Bolivarianism|Bolivarian Circles}}

[[File:Portrait of Simón Bolívar by Arturo Michelena.jpg|thumb|upright|19th century general and politician [[Simón Bolívar]] provided a basis for Chávez's political ideas]]
Hugo Chávez defined his political position as [[Bolivarianism]], an ideology he developed from that of [[Simón Bolívar]] (1783–1830) and others. Bolívar was a 19th-century general who led the fight against the [[colonialism|colonialist]] Spanish authorities and who is widely revered across Latin America today. Along with Bolívar, the other two primary influences upon Bolivarianism are [[Simón Rodríguez]] (1769–1854), a philosopher who was Bolívar's tutor and mentor, and [[Ezequiel Zamora]], (1817–1860), the Venezuelan Federalist general.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cameron |first=Maxwell |year=2001 |title=Venezuela's Hugo Chávez: Savior or Threat to Democracy? |journal=Latin American Research Review |volume=36 |issue=3 |page=263 |doi=10.1017/S0023879100019270 |issn=0023-8791 |s2cid=252749214 |doi-access=free}}. Online at [https://web.archive.org/web/20130219083230/http://www.injerencia.org/documentos/Venezuela/Articulos_Ingles/Chavez_Savior%20or%20Threat.pdf]</ref>{{primary source inline|date=August 2022}} The fact that Chávez's ideology originated from Bolívar has also received some criticism because Chávez had occasionally described himself as being influenced by [[Karl Marx]], a critic of Bolívar.<ref name="marx">{{cite web| url=http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1858/01/bolivar.htm| title=Bolivar y Ponte| date=1858| first=Karl| last=Marx| author-link=Karl Marx| publisher=marxists.org| access-date=18 August 2010}} First published in the New American Cyclopedia, Vol. III, 1858.</ref>{{primary source inline|date=August 2022}}<ref name="MARXbolivar">{{cite book|last1=Beddow|first1=D. Méndez|last2=Thibodeaux|first2=Sam J.|title=Gangrillas : the unspoken pros and cons of legalizing drugs|date=2010|publisher=Trafford on Demand Pub|location=[U.S.]|isbn=978-1426948466|page=29}}</ref> Beddow and Thibodeaux noted the complications between Bolívar and Marx, stating that "[d]escribing Bolivar as a socialist warrior in the class struggle, when he was actually member of the aristocratic 'criollos', is peculiar when considering Karl Marx's own writings on Bolivar, whom he dismissed as a false liberator who merely sought to preserve the power of the old Creole nobility which he belonged".<ref name="MARXbolivar" />{{primary source inline|date=August 2022}}