Editing History of Qatar (section)

===Qatari–Abu Dhabi War===
{{Main|Qatari–Abu Dhabi War}}
During the period of Ottoman influence, Qatar was involved in a protracted conflict known as the [[Qatari–Abu Dhabi War]]. This series of territorial disputes and military conflicts occurred between Qatar, led by Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani, and the [[Emirate of Abu Dhabi]], under [[Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan]], from 1881 to 1893.<ref name="omar1">{{cite web|last1=Omar|first1=Ihab|url=https://raseef22.net/article/120756-%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%82|title=خراب الدوحة... عن الخلافات القديمة بين قطر وجيرانها|publisher=Raseef22|language=Arabic|date=30 May 2018|accessdate=18 July 2024}}</ref> The conflict was rooted in longstanding territorial disputes over poorly defined borders, competition for control of resources such as grazing lands and pearl banks, and the secession of the Qubaisat tribe from Abu Dhabi to Qatar in 1869.<ref name="qdl69">{{cite web|url=https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023526379.0x000047|title='Persian Gulf gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Précis of Katar [Qatar] affairs, 1873-1904.' [35r] (69/92)|publisher=Qatar Digital Library|accessdate=19 July 2024}}</ref> It was further complicated by allegations of piracy in disputed territories and the broader imperial rivalry between the Ottoman Empire and Britain in the Gulf region.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hayajneh|first1=Raed Ahmed|url=https://digitalcommons.aaru.edu.jo/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1070&context=aauja|title=Khannour Battle 1889, Causes, Results, and Reactions in the Arabian Gulf: Documentary Research|journal=Association of Arab Universities Journal for Arts|language=Arabic|volume=18|issue=1|page=70|year=2021|accessdate=18 July 2024}}</ref>

The war began with early skirmishes in 1881, including the battles of Baynunah, Suwaihan, and Al-Marsaf.<ref name="omar1"/> Tensions escalated over the following years, with both sides engaging in raids and counter-raids. A significant incident, commonly known as the Second Destruction of Doha, occurred in August 1888 when Abu Dhabi forces attacked Doha, resulting in numerous casualties including the death of Jassim's son, Ali bin Jassim.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023526379.0x00004a|title='Persian Gulf gazetteer. Part 1. Historical and political materials. Précis of Katar [Qatar] affairs, 1873-1904.' [36v] (72/92)|publisher=Qatar Digital Library|accessdate=19 July 2024}}</ref>

The conflict reached its climax with the [[Battle of Khannour]] from January to February 1889. Jassim, with limited Ottoman support, mobilized a coalition of tribal forces to capture the fort of Khannour in Abu Dhabi territory after a 20-day siege. Following this, Qatari forces conducted extensive raids across Abu Dhabi territory, reaching as far as [[Al Ain]] and [[Al Buraimi Governorate|Al Buraimi]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hayajneh|first1=Raed Ahmed|url=https://digitalcommons.aaru.edu.jo/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1070&context=aauja|title=Khannour Battle 1889, Causes, Results, and Reactions in the Arabian Gulf: Documentary Research|journal=Association of Arab Universities Journal for Arts|language=Arabic|volume=18|issue=1|page=78|year=2021|accessdate=18 July 2024}}</ref>

After years of hostilities and diplomatic maneuvering, the conflict was finally resolved in 1893 through an agreement jointly brokered by the British and Ottomans.<ref name="omar1"/> This war marked an important phase in Qatar's transition towards independence and its emergence as a distinct political entity in the Gulf region, even while nominally under Ottoman rule. The conflict also reinforced British dominance in the region while exposing the limits of Ottoman influence.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hayajneh|first1=Raed Ahmed|url=https://digitalcommons.aaru.edu.jo/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1070&context=aauja|title=Khannour Battle 1889, Causes, Results, and Reactions in the Arabian Gulf: Documentary Research|journal=Association of Arab Universities Journal for Arts|language=Arabic|volume=18|issue=1|page=77|year=2021|accessdate=18 July 2024}}</ref>