Editing History of Peru (section)

====War of the Pacific====
{{main|War of the Pacific}}
[[File:Treaty of Ancón.svg|thumb|left|Territorial changes after the war]]
In 1879, Peru entered the [[War of the Pacific]],<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2014-08-20 |title=Guerra del Pacífico o Guerra del Perú y Chile |url=https://historiaperuana.pe/periodo-independiente/republica/guerra-peru-chile-del-pacifico |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307050104/https://historiaperuana.pe/periodo-independiente/republica/guerra-peru-chile-del-pacifico |archive-date=2021-03-07 |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=Historia del Perú |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=El impacto de la guerra del Pacífico (1879-1929) - Memoria Chilena |url=http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-100610.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128011416/http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-100610.html |archive-date=2022-01-28 |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=Memoria Chilena: Portal |language=es}}</ref> after Bolivia invoked its alliance with Peru against Chile.<ref>{{Cite web |title=El Tratado de Alianza Defensiva de 1873 entre el Perú y Bolivia |url=https://plumainquieta.lamula.pe/2016/09/19/el-tratado-de-alianza-defensiva-de-1873-entre-el-peru-y-bolivia/hubert/ |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=plumainquieta.lamula.pe |language=es}}</ref> The [[Peruvian Government]] tried to mediate the dispute by sending a diplomatic team to negotiate with the Chilean government, but the committee concluded that war was inevitable. On 14 March 1879, Bolivia declared war and Chile, in response, declared war on Bolivia and Peru on 5 April 1879 with Peru following with its own declaration of war the next day.

The Chilean land campaigns in [[Tarapacá campaign|Tarapacá]], [[Tacna and Arica campaign|Tacna and Arica]], [[Lima campaign|Lima]] and [[Sierra campaign|Breña]] eventually led to the [[Chilean occupation of Peru|Chilean occupation]] of these territories, which were administered from [[Occupation of Lima|occupied Lima]]. In parallel with the occupying administration, a collaborationist government was also established in Lima under the [[Protectorate|protection]] of Chile. The government was [[Francisco García Calderón|initially]] based in [[Palacio de la Magdalena (Peru)|La Magdalena]], and then in [[Miguel Iglesias government|Cajamarca]]. This government's legitimacy was disputed by the [[Resistance (War of the Pacific)|Peruvian Resistance]], which continued fighting in the ''sierra''. The Chilean [[Naval campaign of the War of the Pacific|naval campaign]] also proved crucial, and allowed for attacks in the northern coast of the country. One notable figure of this campaign, who is held in high esteem by Peruvians and Chileans alike, was [[Miguel Grau]], who was killed in action during the [[Battle of Angamos]], and whose ship, the [[Huáscar (ironclad)|''Huáscar'']], was captured by the [[Chilean Navy]].
[[File:Batalla en guerra del Pacifico (1879-1883).png|thumb|1882-83 Sierra Campaign]]
The war reached its peak after the [[Battle of Tacna]], which effectively destroyed the Peruvian–Bolivian alliance, and ended with a Chilean victory over Peru and Bolivia, with the former's government in Lima signing the [[Treaty of Ancón]] in 1883, where the [[Tarapacá Department (Peru)|Department of Tarapacá]] was ceded to Chile and the fates of the provinces of [[Tacna Province|Tacna]] and [[Arica Province (Peru)|Arica]] were to be decided by a plebiscite that was meant to take place ten years after the treaty, but would eventually never take place.

The question over the Peruvian provinces of Tacna and Arica would manifest itself as the [[Chilean–Peruvian territorial dispute]], while the Bolivian reaction to the loss of its [[Litoral Department]], and thus, its access to the sea, would manifest itself as the [[Atacama border dispute|Bolivian–Chilean territorial dispute]], and commemorated annually with the ''[[Día del Mar]]''.