Editing Hezbollah (section)

=== Disputed attacks ===
Between 1982 and 1986, there were many attacks blamed on Hezbollah, although Hezbollah denied responsibility. Given that Hezbollah didn't officially exist at the time of many of these attacks (it officially came into existence in 1985<ref name="pbs20091024">{{Cite web |title=The Fog over the 1983 Beirut Attacks |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2009/10/the-1983-beirut-bombing-attack.html |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=FRONTLINE - Tehran Bureau |language=en}}</ref>) leads some scholars to be skeptical of implicating Hezbollah in these attacks.{{sfn|Daher|2019|pp=70-71}}<ref name="pbs20091024" /> The first of these attacks were the  [[April 1983 U.S. Embassy bombing]]<ref name="Ini">[http://camera.org/index.asp?x_context=2&x_outlet=118&x_article=1148 "Timeline of Hezbollah Violence."] ''[[Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America|CAMERA: Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America]]''. 17 July 2006. 18 November 2006. Later reprinted in ''On Campus'' magazine's Fall 2006 issue and attributed the article to author Gilead Ini.</ref> and [[1983 Beirut barracks bombing]],<ref name="cfr hezbollah">[http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/#6 Hezbollah] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927093727/http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/|date=27 September 2006}} CFR. org Staff, the US [[Council on Foreign Relations]], 17 July 2006</ref> both attributed to Hezbollah by some Western intelligence agencies. Hezbollah denied responsibility for both the embassy bombing<ref>{{Cite book |last=Volo |first=James M. |title=A history of war resistance in America |date=2010 |publisher=Greenwood |isbn=978-0-313-37624-5 |location=Santa Barbara (Calif.) |pages=47–48}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FRONTLINE/WORLD . Lebanon - Party of God . Bullets to Ballot Box: A History of Hezbollah . 1983-1991: Target America |url=https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/lebanon/tl03.html |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=PBS}}</ref> and the barracks bombing.<ref name="pbs20091024" />

In the [[Lebanon hostage crisis]], 105 people were kidnapped between 1982 and 1992.{{Sfn|Daher|2019|p=71}} A variety organizations took responsibility for these kidnappings: Organization of Islamic Jihād for the Liberation of Palestine, Organization for Revolutionary Justice, the Fajr Organization, the Khaybar Brigade, and the Organization of the World's Oppressed.{{Sfn|Daher|2019|p=71}} Hezbollah denied kidnapping these individuals, but was blamed anyway.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Worley |first1=D. Robert |title=Aligning Ends, Ways, and Means |date=2011 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=1105333329 |page=134| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X8KBAwAAQBAJ&dq=lebanon+hostage+crisis+hezbollah+1982+1992&pg=PA134 |access-date=14 May 2025}}</ref> Recent research has shown that the kidnappers were of various political backgrounds, and were often motivated by [[Feud|familial feuds]] or were looking for [[Ransom|monetary ransom]].{{Sfn|Daher|2019|p=71}}{{Sfn|Norton|2018|p=61}}

Since 1990, terror acts and attempts of which Hezbollah has been blamed include the following bombings and attacks against civilians and diplomats:
* The [[1992 Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires]], killing 29, in Argentina.<ref name="cfr hezbollah" /> Hezbollah operatives boasted of involvement.<ref name="Levitt 2013 102">{{cite book|last=Levitt|first=Matthew|title=Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God|publisher=Georgetown University Press|year=2013|page=102|isbn=978-1-84904-333-5}}</ref>
* The [[1994 AMIA bombing]] of a Jewish cultural centre, killing 85, in Argentina.<ref name="cfr hezbollah" /> Ansar Allah, a Palestinian group closely associated with Hezbollah, claimed responsibility.<ref name="Levitt 2013 102" />
* The [[Alas Chiricanas Flight 901|1994 AC Flight 901 attack]], killing 21, in Panama.<ref>[http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/47/473.html Argentine trials may shed light on Panama mystery], [[Eric Jackson (journalist)|Eric Jackson]], Panama News Online, 17 October 2001.</ref> Ansar Allah, a Palestinian group closely associated with Hezbollah, claimed responsibility.<ref name="Levitt 2013 102" />
* The 1996 [[Khobar Towers bombing]], killing 19 US servicemen.<ref>{{cite news|last=Leonnig|first=Carol D.|url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/22/AR2006122200455.html|title=Iran Held Liable In Khobar Attack|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=23 December 2006|access-date=26 September 2014}}</ref>
* In 2002, [[Singapore]] accused Hezbollah of recruiting Singaporeans in a failed 1990s plot to attack U.S. and Israeli ships in the Singapore Straits.<ref name=fastfacts>{{cite news|title=Fast Facts: Hezbollah |url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/fast-facts-hezbollah |access-date=20 October 2012 |publisher=Fox News |date=13 July 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024071340/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C203277%2C00.html |archive-date=24 October 2010 }}</ref>
* 15 January 2008, bombing of a U.S. Embassy vehicle in Beirut.<ref name="Stratfor">[http://www.stratfor.com/analysis/lebanon_hezbollah_and_jan_15_bombing ''Lebanon: Hezbollah and the Jan 15 Bombing''] Stratfor, 15 January 2008</ref>
* In 2009, a [[2009 Hezbollah plot in Egypt|Hezbollah plot in Egypt]] was uncovered, where Egyptian authorities arrested 49 men for planning attacks against [[Israel]]i and Egyptian targets in the [[Sinai Peninsula]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Politics/Apr/24/Egypts-Brotherhood-backs-Hizbullah-in-spat-with-Cairo.ashx |title=Egypt's Brotherhood backs Hizbullah in spat with Cairo|newspaper=The Daily Star|date=24 April 2009|access-date=4 September 2013}}</ref>
* The [[2012 Burgas bus bombing]], killing 6, in Bulgaria. Hezbollah denied responsibility.<ref name="Hezbollahblamed">{{cite news|title=Hezbollah suspected in Bulgaria bus bombing|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2013/02/20132515350158754.html|access-date=6 February 2013|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=5 February 2013}}</ref>
* Training Shia insurgents against US troops during the [[Iraq War]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Levitt|first=Matthew|title=Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God|publisher=Georgetown University Press|year=2013|page=297|isbn=978-1-84904-333-5}}</ref>