Editing Heavy metal music (section)

===1990s and early 2000s subgenres and fusions===
{{Further|Alternative metal|Rap metal|Nu metal|NWOAHM|Industrial metal|Groove metal}}
[[File:Staley05.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A male singer, Layne Staley, performs onstage with Alice in Chains. He holds the microphone with both hands and his eyes are closed as he sings.|[[Layne Staley]] of [[Alice in Chains]], one of the most popular acts identified with [[alternative metal]], performing in 1992]]

Glam metal fell out of favor with the popular breakthrough of [[grunge]] and alternative rock,<ref>Christe (2003), p. 231</ref>  but as well as the growing popularity of the more aggressive sound typified by Metallica and the post-thrash [[groove metal]] of [[Pantera]] and [[White Zombie (band)|White Zombie]].<ref>Birchmeier, Jason. [{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=pantera-mn0000005441|pure_url=yes}} "Pantera"]. AllMusic. Retrieved on 19 March 2007</ref>

Grunge acts were influenced by the heavy metal sound, but rejected the excesses of the more popular metal bands, such as their "flashy and virtuosic solos" and "appearance-driven" [[MTV]] orientation.<ref name=Covach/> In 1991, [[Metallica]] released their album ''[[Metallica (album)|Metallica]]'', also known as ''The Black Album'', which moved the band's sound out of the [[thrash metal]] genre and into standard heavy metal.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3SUQAgAAQBAJ&q=Metallica+took+a+more+mainstream+sounding+with+The+Black+Album&pg=PT107|title=Metallica|access-date=4 December 2015|isbn=9780760344828|last1=Popoff|first1=Martin|date=15 November 2013|publisher=Voyageur Press }}</ref> The album was certified 16× Platinum by the [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblDiamond |title=Gold & Platinum – January 17, 2010 |publisher=RIAA |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701163046/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblDiamond |archive-date=1 July 2007 }}</ref> A few new, unambiguously metal bands had commercial success during the first half of the decade – Pantera's ''[[Far Beyond Driven]]'' topped the ''Billboard'' chart in 1994 – but, "In the dull eyes of the mainstream, metal was dead."<ref>Christe (2003), p. 305</ref> Some bands tried to adapt to the new musical landscape. Metallica revamped its image: the band members cut their hair and, in 1996, headlined the alternative music festival [[Lollapalooza]], which was founded by [[Jane's Addiction]] singer [[Perry Farrell]]. While this prompted a backlash among some longtime fans,<ref>Christe (2003), p. 312</ref> Metallica remained one of the most successful bands in the world into the new century.<ref>Christe (2003), p. 322</ref>

[[File:Lacuna Coil 2010 0001.jpg|thumb|left|Italian [[gothic metal]] band [[Lacuna Coil]] performing in 2010]]

Like Jane's Addiction, many of the most popular early 1990s groups with roots in heavy metal fall under the umbrella term "alternative metal".<ref name=alternativemetal>{{cite web |title=Genre—Alternative Metal |website=AllMusic |url={{AllMusic|class=style|id=alternative-metal-ma0000012328|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=26 March 2007}}</ref> Bands in Seattle's grunge scene such as [[Soundgarden]] are credited for making a "place for heavy metal in alternative rock",<ref>{{cite web |author=Erlewine, Stephen Thomas |title=Soundgarden (Biography) |website=AllMusic |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=soundgarden-mn0000001098|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=1 September 2009}}</ref> and [[Alice in Chains]] were at the center of the alternative metal movement. The label was applied to a wide spectrum of other acts that fused metal with different styles: [[Faith No More]] combined their alternative rock sound with punk, [[funk]], metal and [[hip hop music|hip-hop]]; [[Primus (band)|Primus]] joined elements of funk, punk, [[thrash metal]] and [[experimental music]]; [[Tool (band)|Tool]] mixed metal and [[progressive rock]]; bands such as [[Fear Factory]], [[Ministry (band)|Ministry]] and [[Nine Inch Nails]] began incorporating metal into their [[industrial music|industrial sound]] (and vice versa); and [[Marilyn Manson (band)|Marilyn Manson]] went down a similar route, while also employing shock effects of the sort popularized by Alice Cooper. Alternative metal artists, though they did not represent a cohesive scene, were united by their willingness to experiment with the metal genre and their rejection of glam metal aesthetics (with the stagecraft of Marilyn Manson and White Zombie – also identified with alt metal – significant, if partial, exceptions).<ref name=alternativemetal/> Alternative metal's mix of styles and sounds represented "the colorful results of metal opening up to face the outside world".<ref>Christe (2003), p. 224</ref>

In the mid- and late 1990s came a new wave of U.S. metal groups inspired by the alternative metal bands and their mix of genres.<ref>Christe (2003), pp. 324–25</ref> Dubbed "nu metal", bands such as [[Slipknot (band)|Slipknot]], [[Linkin Park]], [[Limp Bizkit]], [[Papa Roach]], [[P.O.D.]], [[Korn]] and [[Disturbed (band)|Disturbed]] incorporated elements ranging from [[death metal]] to hip-hop, often including [[DJ]]s and [[Rapping|rap]]-style vocals. The mix demonstrated that "pancultural metal could pay off".<ref>Christe (2003), p. 329</ref> Nu metal gained mainstream success through heavy MTV rotation and Ozzy Osbourne's 1996 introduction of [[Ozzfest]], which led the media to talk of a resurgence of heavy metal.<ref>Christe (2003), p. 324</ref> In 1999, ''Billboard'' noted that there were more than 500 specialty metal radio shows in the U.S., nearly three times as many as 10 years before.<ref>Christe (2003), p. 344</ref> While nu metal was widely popular, traditional metal fans did not fully embrace the style.<ref>Christe (2003), p. 328</ref> By early 2003, the movement's popularity was on the wane, though several nu metal acts such as Korn or Limp Bizkit retained substantial followings.<ref>{{cite web|last=D'angelo |first=Joe |title=Nu Metal Meltdown |publisher=MTV.com |date=24 January 2003 |url=http://www.mtv.com/bands/m/metal_meltdown/news_feature_030124/index.jhtml |access-date=28 March 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208190614/http://www.mtv.com/bands/m/metal_meltdown/news_feature_030124/index.jhtml |archive-date=8 February 2007 }}</ref>