Editing Hawaii (section)

===Population===
{{See also|Hawaii statistical areas}}
[[File:Hawaii population density 2020.png|thumb|upright=1.15|Population density map of Hawaii, 2020]]
{{US Census population
|1850 = 84165
|1860 = 69800
|1890 = 89990
|1900 = 154001
|1910 = 191909
|1920 = 255912
|1930 = 368336
|1940 = 423330
|1950 = 499794
|1960 = 632772
|1970 = 768561
|1980 = 964691
|1990 = 1108229
|2000 = 1211537
|2010 = 1360301
|2020 = 1455271
|estyear = 2024
|estimate = 1446146
|estref = <ref name="USCensusEst2024">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2024|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=December 26, 2024}}</ref>
|source=1778–1896<ref name="Schmitt1968">{{cite book|last=Schmitt|first=Robert C.|title=Demographic Statistics of Hawaii, 1778–1965|url=https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/30985/DemographicStatisticsHawaii.pdf|year=1968|publisher=University of Hawaiʻi Press|location=Honolulu, HI|hdl=10125/30985|oclc=760489664|pages=41, 69|access-date=November 23, 2020|archive-date=February 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220153411/https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/30985/DemographicStatisticsHawaii.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> 1910–2020<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical Population Change Data (1910–2020) |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |website=Census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 1, 2021 |archive-date=April 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429012609/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|footnote = 1778 (est.) = 300000, 1819 (est.) = 145000, 1835–1836 = 107954, 1872 = 56897, 1884 = 80578, 1896 = 109020
}}

After Europeans and [[Mainland United States|mainland Americans]] first arrived during the [[Kingdom of Hawaii]] period, the overall population of Hawaii—which until that time composed solely of Indigenous Hawaiians—fell dramatically. Many people of the Indigenous Hawaiian population died to foreign diseases, declining from an estimated 300,000 in the 1770s, to 60,000 in the 1850s, to 24,000 in 1920. Other estimates for the pre-contact population range from 150,000 to 1.5 million.<ref name="OHA"/> The population of Hawaii began to finally increase after an influx of primarily Asian settlers that arrived as migrant laborers at the end of the 19th{{spaces}}century.<ref name="Hawaiian Encyclopedia">{{cite web |url=http://www.hawaiianencyclopedia.com/population-and-visitor-statist.asp |title=Hawaiian Encyclopedia : Population and Visitor Statistics |publisher=Hawaiianencyclopedia.com |date=July 1, 2002 |access-date=January 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214051108/http://www.hawaiianencyclopedia.com/population-and-visitor-statist.asp |archive-date=December 14, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1923, 42% of the population was of Japanese descent, 9% of Chinese descent, and 16% [[Native Hawaiian]] descent.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The States|url=https://time.com/vault/issue/1923-03-03/page/8/ |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |page=8 |date=March 3, 1923 |access-date=March 1, 2021}}</ref>

In 2010, 156,000 residents declared themselves to be solely of Native Hawaiian ancestry, just over half the estimated pre-contact population. An additional 371,000 declared themselves to possess Native Hawaiian ancestry in combination with one or more other races (including other Polynesian groups, but mostly [[Asian people|Asian]] or [[White American|White]]).

In 2018, the [[United States Census Bureau]] estimated the population of Hawaii to be 1,420,491, a decrease of 7,047 from the previous year but an increase of 60,190 (4.42%) since 2010. This includes a natural increase of 48,111 (96,028 births minus 47,917 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 16,956 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 30,068; migration within the country produced a net loss of 13,112 people.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lee|first=Fiona|date=December 29, 2020|title=People leaving Hawaii doubled in 2020|url=https://www.sfgate.com/hawaii/article/hawaii-exodus-2020-people-leaving-doubles-15832708.php|access-date=December 29, 2020|website=SFGATE}}</ref>{{Update inline|reason=This paragraph was unsourced. It needs to be completely rewritten using this citation I added|date=December 2020}}

The center of population of Hawaii is located on the island of [[O'ahu]]. Large numbers of Native Hawaiians have moved to [[Las Vegas]], which has been called the "ninth island" of Hawaii.<ref>{{cite web |title=Las Vegas: Bright Lights, Big City, Small Town |url=http://stateofthereunion.com/home/season-2-2/las-vegas-nv |url-status=dead |publisher=State of the Reunion |access-date=July 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602145540/http://stateofthereunion.com/home/season-2-2/las-vegas-nv |archive-date=June 2, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hawaii's ninth island offers everything we need |url=http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2010/Apr/11/tr/hawaii4110346.html |url-status=live |newspaper=Honolulu Advertiser |access-date=July 6, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110090555/http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2010/Apr/11/tr/hawaii4110346.html |archive-date=January 10, 2014}}</ref>

Hawaii has a ''de facto'' population of over 1.4{{spaces}}million, due in part to a large number of military personnel and tourist residents. [[O'ahu]] is the most populous island; it has the highest population density with a resident population of just under one million in {{convert|597|sqmi|km2|0}}, approximately 1,650 people per square mile.{{efn|For comparison, [[New Jersey]]—which has 8,717,925 people in {{convert|7417|sqmi|km2|0}}—is the most-densely populated state in [[United States|the Union]] with 1,134 people per square mile.}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Latest Population Estimate Data|url=https://census.hawaii.gov/home/population-estimate/|access-date=May 19, 2021|website=census.hawaii.gov}}</ref> Hawaii's 1.4{{spaces}}million residents, spread across {{convert|6000|mi2|-2}} of land, result in an average population density of 188.6 persons per square mile.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/15000.html |title=Hawaii Quickfacts |publisher=Quickfacts.census.gov |access-date=November 5, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028063456/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/15000.html |archive-date=October 28, 2011}}</ref> The state has a lower population density than [[Ohio]] and [[Illinois]].<ref name="USCB density">{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-dens-text.php#AREA_HI |title=Resident Population Data—2010 Census |website=2010 Census |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]] |location=Washington, DC |access-date=May 7, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028061117/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-dens-text.php |archive-date=October 28, 2011 }}</ref>

The average projected lifespan of people born in Hawaii in 2000 is 79.8 years; 77.1 years if male, 82.5 if female—longer than the average lifespan of any other U.S. state.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/projections/MethTab2.xls|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20100615135706/http://www.census.gov/population/projections/MethTab2.xls|archive-date=June 15, 2010|title=Average life expectancy at birth by state|access-date=November 5, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{As of|2011}} the U.S. military reported it had 42,371 personnel on the islands.<ref name=Hawaii_mil>{{cite web|title=Active Duty Military Personnel Strengths by Regional Area and by Country (309A)|url=http://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/MILITARY/history/hst1109.pdf|website=Department of Defense|access-date=October 21, 2013|date=September 30, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019001235/http://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/MILITARY/history/hst1109.pdf|archive-date=October 19, 2012}}</ref>

According to [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development|HUD]]'s 2022 [[Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress|Annual Homeless Assessment Report]], there were an estimated 5,967 [[Homelessness|homeless]] people in Hawaii.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2007–2022 PIT Counts by State |url=https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huduser.gov%2Fportal%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fxls%2F2007-2022-PIT-Counts-by-State.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The 2022 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress |url=https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf}}</ref>

In 2018, The top countries of origin for immigrants in Hawaii were the [[Philippines]], [[China]], [[Japan]], [[Korea]] and the [[Marshall Islands]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_hawaii.pdf|title=Immigrants in Hawaii}}</ref>